Question 1

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

Radioactive substances have the potential to cause damage to living cells, which is why special safety precautions are necessary to prevent harm to individuals handling and working with radioactivity. Ionization of cells, decay, and perforation of plasma membranes may be consequences of exposure to radioactivity, but the primary concern is the potential damage to living cells.

Question 2

You recently discovered a new element, and find that this particular element has one electron its outer energy level.What would you expect will happen to an atom of this element if placed in water?

Accepted Answer

An element with one electron in its outer energy level is likely to lose that electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, forming a positive ion.

Question 3

The sub-atomic particle with a positive charge is _____.

Accepted Answer

A proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge.

Question 4

An atom that is negatively charged because it has accepted an electron is a(n):

Accepted Answer

An atom that gains an electron becomes negatively charged and is called an ion, specifically an anion.

Question 5

Your dog becomes ill and you rush him to the veterinarian's office.A technician draws blood from your dog's leg for a vet-ordered lab test.After a few minutes the lab results are given to the vet, who immediately grabs a bottle from a shelf and begins to fill a syringe with an unknown fluid.You inquire about the fluid, and the vet informs you that the fluid is necessary to manage your dog's metabolic acidosis.Based on the information provided, what is acidosis, and what is the likely effect of the veterinarian's injection?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis refers to a condition where there is an excess of acid in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH from the normal range. The injection provided by the veterinarian is likely a buffering solution, which helps to restore the blood pH to its normal range.

Question 6

You identify an enzyme involved in a cellular reaction.How does the enzyme affect the reaction equilibrium between reactants and products and the time needed to reach equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes do not alter the reaction equilibrium between reactants and products; they only lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Therefore, the reaction equilibrium is unaffected, but the enzyme shortens the time needed to reach equilibrium by increasing the reaction rate.

Question 7

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

Accepted Answer

To find the weight of three moles of Li, we need to use the atomic mass of Li which is approximately 7 grams per mole. 
So, weight of one mole of Li = 7 grams. 
Weight of three moles of Li = 3 x 7 grams = 21 grams. 
Therefore, the correct answer is choice B.

Question 8

The amino acid glycine (C₃NO₂H₆) is a(an):

Accepted Answer

Glycine is an organic molecule because it contains carbon and is a simple amino acid, which is a building block of proteins.

Question 9

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, bacterial viruses, called phage, were used to demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material.The phage that were used for this experiment consisted of DNA surrounded by a protein coat.Phage will attach to specific types of bacteria and inject their DNA into the bacterial cell.To scientifically determine whether DNA is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made phage in a medium containing radioactive sulfur-35 (S³⁵).Why was S³⁵ used in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Only amino acids contain sulfur, not nucleic acids. Therefore, by using radioactive sulfur-35, Hershey and Chase could label the protein coat of the phage and track its movement during infection. This allowed them to confirm that only the DNA, not the protein coat, entered the bacterial cell and acted as the genetic material.

Question 10

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

Accepted Answer

The atomic mass of lithium (Li) is approximately 7 grams per mole. Therefore, three moles of Li would weigh 3 x 7 = 21 grams.

Question 11

Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water's upward movement in plants.The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise.Capillary action is a result of water molecules:

Accepted Answer

Capillary action occurs due to the adhesive force between water molecules and the walls of the vessel, which allows water to climb up against gravity.

Question 12

To increase the rate of a reaction you could:

Accepted Answer

Adding more reactants increases the concentration of reactants, which can lead to more frequent collisions and thus increase the rate of reaction.

Question 13

The high heat of vaporization of water helps you to feel cooler when you sweat because the transition of water from a liquid to a gas requires a ______ of energy to break hydrogen bonds.The energy is _____ from heat produced by your body, thus helping to lower the surface temperature of your body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The high heat of vaporization of water...

Question 14

As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university, you see a sign that states: DANGER-RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE.Your friend is an accounting major and has not had any science courses yet.She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and you respond correctly with:

Accepted Answer

Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are unstable and as a result emit energy in a process called radioactive decay. This process can be harmful to living organisms and requires special precautions to be taken when handling and using radioactive materials.

Question 15

Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have no electrical charge.

Question 16

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s²2s²2p⁶.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

Accepted Answer

The electronic configuration of Argon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, which accounts for all 18 electrons.

Question 17

The smallest sub-atomic particle is the ______.

Accepted Answer

The electron is the smallest sub-atomic particle among the options listed, with a much smaller mass compared to protons and ions. An isotope is not a particle but a variant of an element.

Question 18

The reaction (H₂ + F₂ $\rightarrow$ 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction.In reality, two half reactions are occurring.The half reaction (H₂ $\rightarrow$ 2H⁺ + 2e^-) is a(n):

Accepted Answer

The half reaction (H₂ → 2H⁺ + 2e^-) involves the loss of electrons, which is characteristic of an oxidation reaction.

Question 19

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s²2s²2p⁶.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

Accepted Answer

The electronic configuration of Argon, with an atomic number of 18, is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶, which fills the first three energy levels completely.

Question 20

Consider the following electronegativity values: Boron (B) = 1.8
Carbon (C) = 2.5
Chlorine (Cl) = 3.2
Selenium (Se) = 2.6
Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

Accepted Answer

The polarity of a bond is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. The B-Cl bond has the largest difference in electronegativity (3.2 - 1.8 = 1.4), making it the most polar.

Quiz 2: The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?

You recently discovered a new element, and find that this particular element has one electron its outer energy level.What would you expect will happen to an atom of this element if placed in water?

The sub-atomic particle with a positive charge is _____.

An atom that is negatively charged because it has accepted an electron is a(n) :

You identify an enzyme involved in a cellular reaction.How does the enzyme affect the reaction equilibrium between reactants and products and the time needed to reach equilibrium?

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

The amino acid glycine (C₃NO₂H₆) is a(an) :

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water's upward movement in plants.The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise.Capillary action is a result of water molecules:

To increase the rate of a reaction you could:

The high heat of vaporization of water helps you to feel cooler when you sweat because the transition of water from a liquid to a gas requires a __ of energy to break hydrogen bonds.The energy is _ from heat produced by your body, thus helping to lower the surface temperature of your body.

As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university, you see a sign that states: DANGER-RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE.Your friend is an accounting major and has not had any science courses yet.She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and you respond correctly with:

Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s²2s²2p⁶.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

The smallest sub-atomic particle is the ______.

The reaction (H₂ + F₂ $\rightarrow$ 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction.In reality, two half reactions are occurring.The half reaction (H₂ $\rightarrow$ 2H⁺ + 2e^-) is a(n) :

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s²2s²2p⁶.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

Consider the following electronegativity values: Boron (B) = 1.8 Carbon (C) = 2.5 Chlorine (Cl) = 3.2 Selenium (Se) = 2.6 Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

Quiz 2: The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?

You recently discovered a new element, and find that this particular element has one electron its outer energy level.What would you expect will happen to an atom of this element if placed in water?

The sub-atomic particle with a positive charge is _____.

An atom that is negatively charged because it has accepted an electron is a(n) :

You identify an enzyme involved in a cellular reaction.How does the enzyme affect the reaction equilibrium between reactants and products and the time needed to reach equilibrium?

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

The amino acid glycine (C3NO2H6) is a(an) :

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water's upward movement in plants.The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise.Capillary action is a result of water molecules:

To increase the rate of a reaction you could:

The high heat of vaporization of water helps you to feel cooler when you sweat because the transition of water from a liquid to a gas requires a ______ of energy to break hydrogen bonds.The energy is _____ from heat produced by your body, thus helping to lower the surface temperature of your body.

As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university, you see a sign that states: DANGER-RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE.Your friend is an accounting major and has not had any science courses yet.She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and you respond correctly with:

Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s22s22p6.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

The smallest sub-atomic particle is the ______.

The reaction (H2 + F2 →\rightarrow→ 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction.In reality, two half reactions are occurring.The half reaction (H2 →\rightarrow→ 2H+ + 2e-) is a(n) :

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s22s22p6.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

Consider the following electronegativity values: Boron (B) = 1.8 Carbon (C) = 2.5 Chlorine (Cl) = 3.2 Selenium (Se) = 2.6 Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

The amino acid glycine (C₃NO₂H₆) is a(an) :

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

The high heat of vaporization of water helps you to feel cooler when you sweat because the transition of water from a liquid to a gas requires a __ of energy to break hydrogen bonds.The energy is _ from heat produced by your body, thus helping to lower the surface temperature of your body.

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s²2s²2p⁶.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?

The reaction (H₂ + F₂ $\rightarrow$ 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction.In reality, two half reactions are occurring.The half reaction (H₂ $\rightarrow$ 2H⁺ + 2e^-) is a(n) :

The electronic configuration of the noble gas Neon, which has an atomic number of 10, can be written as follows: 1s²2s²2p⁶.What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas Argon, which has an atomic number of 18?