Question 1

A difference between permissive parents and restrictive parents is that permissive parents are:

Accepted Answer

Permissive parents are known to supervise their children less closely than restrictive parents. They tend to allow their children to make their own decisions and mistakes without too much parental guidance.

Question 2

Stephanie sees her six-year-old boy, Max, misbehaving with a guest. Stephanie warns Max that if he continues misbehaving with guests, she will stop talking to him. In this scenario, Stephanie uses the method of _____ to enforce the restriction on Max.

Accepted Answer

Stephanie uses withdrawal of love, which is a form of psychological punishment, to enforce the restriction on Max. She warns him that if he continues to misbehave with guests, she will stop talking to him, leading to a lack of emotional support from his mother.

Question 3

Preschool girls:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that preschool girls tend to show more empathy and report more fears than boys. Options A, C, and D are not supported by research and are actually the opposite of what has been found.

Question 4

Martha notices that her five-year-old child is sitting very close to the screen and watching television. She says to her, "Please do not watch television from such a short distance. It may damage your eyes." In this scenario, Martha used the method of _____ to enforce restrictions on her child.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Martha notices that her five-year-old child is...

Question 5

__________parents supervise their children to a certain extent, but they also allow their children to do what is "natural," such as make noise, treat toys carelessly, and experiment with their bodies.

Accepted Answer

Permissive parents allow a lot of freedom for their children and do not enforce strict rules or regulations. They believe children should be allowed to be "natural" and explore the world around them, such as being loud, playing freely with toys, and experimenting with their bodies. However, this can sometimes lead to a lack of structure and discipline in the child's life.

Question 6

Which of the following is a positive outcome of permissive-indulgent parenting?

Accepted Answer

Permissive-indulgent parents are warm and loving, but they lack discipline and set few rules. As a result, children tend to be fairly high in self-confidence because they are allowed to do whatever they want without fear of punishment or criticism. However, this parenting style can also lead to problems such as lack of responsibility, poor academic performance, and behavioral issues in the long term.

Question 7

According to Erikson, which of the following occurs during the stage of initiative versus guilt?

Accepted Answer

During the stage of initiative versus guilt, children develop a sense of purpose and the ability to initiate activities and plans. However, they also learn that not all their plans, dreams, and fantasies can be realized, leading to feelings of guilt and a sense of limitation. Option B is incorrect because children are learning about adult rules during this stage. Option C is incorrect because achieving independence from parents is a key developmental task of this stage. Option D is incorrect because children are encouraged to try new things and explore their environment during this stage.

Question 8

Cindy, a six-year-old girl, is playing with plastic cubes like the rest of the children in her class. In the class, everyone has their individual set of cubes and individual figures to construct. Cindy, however, interacts with her friend to understand how to stack the plastic cubes so that she can construct her own model. In this scenario, Cindy is engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

Cindy is interacting with her friend to understand how to stack the plastic cubes, which is an example of associative play.

Question 9

__________is a return to behavior characteristic of earlier stages of development.

Accepted Answer

Regression refers to a return to behavior that is typical of earlier stages of development, such as reverting to thumb-sucking or bed-wetting in response to stress. The other options, arbitration, aggression, and depression, do not relate to a return to earlier developmental stages.

Question 10

According to the cognitive-developmental view of gender typing proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg, children:

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental view of gender typing, children form concepts about gender and then fit their behavior to those concepts as they develop. They do not simply use gender as a way of organizing their perceptions of the world, nor can they distinguish their own gender or discriminate gender differences at such a young age.

Question 11

Rejecting-neglecting parents are:

Accepted Answer

Rejecting-neglecting parents are low in support and responsiveness towards their children. They do not respond to their emotional and physical needs and show little interest in their lives.

Question 12

Jay, a ten-year-old-boy, is standing on the sidelines of a football pitch and calling out suggestions to his friends who are playing football. In this scenario, Jay is engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

Jay is engaged in onlooker play, which involves observing others without actively participating in the activity.

Question 13

James asks his father for money to buy tickets to the final of a world cup tournament. His father asks him why he plans to attend the world cup final in the stadium when he can watch it on television. James replies that the adrenalin rush he gets with the 100,000 live audience in the stadium cannot be replicated if he watches it on television. His father laughs and gives him the money, telling him to have a great time. In this scenario, James's father uses a(n) _____ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

James's father is permissive-indulgent as he laughs and gives him the money without any consequences or restrictions.

Question 14

__________parents are affectionate toward their children.

Accepted Answer

Warm parents are affectionate and attentive towards their children, providing love and support. They show interest in their children's lives and create a safe and nurturing environment for them to thrive in.

Question 15

The understanding that a woman who cuts her hair short remains a woman and does not automatically turn into a man is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

Gender constancy is the understanding that one's gender identity does not change based on external factors such as hairstyle or clothing. It is the understanding that one's gender remains constant and is not affected by external appearance or actions.

Question 16

__________parents may not enjoy their children and may have few feelings of affection for them.

Accepted Answer

Cold parents may not enjoy their children and may have few feelings of affection for them.

Question 17

April, Katy, and John study in the third grade. They regularly play a game they call "Shopping," wherein April assumes the role of a shopkeeper, Katy assumes the role of April's assistant, and John acts as a customer. Although they do not follow any rules, they have a script, and they play according to it. It is evident that April, Katy, and John are engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates symbolic play, where the children are taking on different roles and using their imaginations to create a pretend scenario. Functional play involves exploring objects and their functions, while constructive play involves building or creating something. Formal games typically have more structured rules and guidelines.

Question 18

Kate, a three-year-old, is playing alone in her room with small plastic blocks. It is evident that Kate is engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

Kate is playing alone, indicating solitary play.

Question 19

_____ refers to behavior intended to hurt or injure another person.

Accepted Answer

Aggression refers to behavior that is intended to harm or injure another person. Regression refers to reverting back to an earlier stage of development, depression refers to a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and hopelessness, and digression refers to diverging from the main topic of discussion.

Question 20

Christine and Julia study in a kindergarten. They play "hospital" at the kindergarten, wherein Christine assumes the role of a doctor and Julia assumes the role of a nurse. It is evident that Christine and Julia are engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

Christine and Julia are engaged in dramatic play, which involves acting out imaginary situations and assuming different roles.

Quiz 10: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development