Question 1

The precedent case for the legality of and restrictions on "stop and frisk" is

Accepted Answer

Terry v. Ohio is the landmark case that established the legality of "stop and frisk" searches, also known as a "Terry stop." In this case, the Supreme Court established that police officers may stop and briefly detain a person if they have reasonable suspicion that the person is involved in criminal activity. During this detention, the officer may also conduct a pat-down search if they have reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous. However, the search must be limited to finding weapons and is not a full-scale search. The court also emphasized that the decision to conduct a stop and frisk must be based on specific, articulable facts, not just a hunch or a profile.

Question 2

Law dealing with the content of what constitutes crime is known as ___________ law.

Accepted Answer

Substantive law deals with the content of what constitutes a crime, including the elements that must be present for a person to be convicted of a particular offense. Procedural law, on the other hand, deals with the rules and processes that govern the enforcement of substantive law. Constitutional law concerns the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution, while definitive law is not a recognized legal term.

Question 3

Except in the case of a Terry stop,an officer's probable cause to conduct an arrest depends on

Accepted Answer

Probable cause must exist before an officer can make an arrest. This means that the officer must have knowledge of facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the suspect has committed or is about to commit a crime. The officer cannot rely on information learned during or after the arrest to establish probable cause.

Question 4

A search may legally be conducted by police if

Accepted Answer

A search may be conducted by police if any of the other choices are met, including an arrest has been made, consent to search is given, or a search warrant has been issued.

Question 5

What police officers know before an arrest is usually considered

Accepted Answer

What police officers know before an arrest is often considered critical and relevant information. It helps them determine probable cause and build a case against the suspect. Therefore, it is not considered not pertinent, irrelevant, or invalid.

Question 6

The ____________ Amendment stresses the importance of having an arrest warrant when making an arrest.

Accepted Answer

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures, and requires that warrants must be supported by probable cause and specifically describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized. This includes the requirement for an arrest warrant before making an arrest in most situations.

Question 7

Making an arrest is one of the most

Accepted Answer

Making an arrest is an extreme step that can have significant consequences for the person being arrested and the officer making the arrest. It involves using force or the threat of force to take away someone's freedom, which is not a decision to be taken lightly. While it can also be dangerous and involve a "gray" area of law, the extremity of the act is the most distinguishing aspect of making an arrest.

Question 8

"In the presence" refers to

Accepted Answer

The answer of "In the presence" refers to
...

Question 9

What must an officer have to initiate a legal arrest?

Accepted Answer

Probable cause is the legal standard that an officer needs to meet in order to make an arrest. It means that the officer has enough evidence to believe that the suspect has committed a crime. Reasonable suspicion is a lesser standard, required only to detain someone briefly for investigation. A signed statement from the victim or physical proof of a crime may aid in establishing probable cause, but they are not required in and of themselves.

Question 10

Procedural law deals with the __________ of law.

Accepted Answer

Procedural law focuses on the process that must be followed in legal cases, such as rules of evidence, the right to a fair trial, and the steps that must be taken to file a lawsuit. It does not deal with the content or substance of the law itself.

Question 11

The landmark case that addressed the issue of police use of deadly force was

Accepted Answer

Tennessee v. Garner is the landmark case that addressed the issue of police use of deadly force. The case involved a police officer who shot and killed an unarmed fleeing suspect. The Supreme Court held that the use of deadly force by a police officer is constitutional only if it is necessary to prevent the escape of a suspected felon and the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others. This decision established the principle that the use of deadly force by law enforcement must be reasonable under the circumstances.

Question 12

The three main exceptions to the exclusionary rule include each of the following except

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three main exceptions to the exclusionary...

Question 13

The balance law enforcement officers must maintain,"freedom to" versus "freedom from," is analogous to

Accepted Answer

The balance law enforcement officers must maintain between "freedom to" (due process) and "freedom from" (crime control) is analogous to the balance between due process and crime control in the criminal justice system. Due process protects individuals' rights and ensures that they are not wrongfully accused or punished, while crime control focuses on protecting society from crime and ensuring that criminals are held accountable for their actions. Maintaining this balance is crucial for a fair and effective criminal justice system.

Question 14

The use of handcuffs following an arrest

Accepted Answer

The use of handcuffs following an arrest typically requires officer discretion, as it depends on the situation and the perceived threat or risk posed by the individual being arrested.

Question 15

A detention without probable cause that is factually indistinguishable from an arrest is known as a _________ arrest.

Accepted Answer

A de facto arrest is a detention without probable cause that is factually indistinguishable from an arrest. The other options do not accurately describe this type of situation.

Question 16

Hot pursuit would be an example of a time

Accepted Answer

Hot pursuit allows officers to enter a suspect's home without a warrant if they are actively chasing the suspect and believe the suspect poses a danger or may destroy evidence.

Question 17

A traditional standard against which to measure reasonable police use of force is

Accepted Answer

A reasonable police use of force should take into consideration all of the factors listed, including whether the suspect poses a threat, whether they are resisting arrest, and the severity of the crime. All of these factors should be weighed against the amount of force being used to determine if it is justified and proportional.

Question 18

Guarantees against unlawful searches and seizures and arrests are found in

Accepted Answer

The guarantees against unlawful searches, seizures, and arrests are found in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 19

If officers are not aware they are violating someone's constitutional rights,they are said to be acting

Accepted Answer

Officers who are not aware they are violating someone's constitutional rights but are acting in a sincere attempt to carry out their duty are said to be acting in good faith. This concept provides some protection to officers from legal consequences if they reasonably believed their actions were lawful at the time they were taken.

Question 20

The __________ doctrine is an exception allowing officers to search a vehicle without a warrant even if they have the time to get one.

Accepted Answer

The Carroll doctrine, established in the case Carroll v. United States (1925), allows officers to search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of a crime and if it is impractical to obtain a warrant due to the mobility of the vehicle. This is known as the "automobile exception" to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement.

Quiz 3: Operational Skills: Performing Within The Law