Question 1

What is meant by the term digital gold? How is digital gold accrued and used?

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Question 2

Talcott Parsons was a structural-functionalist who had a very positive view of macro-level societies.

Accepted Answer

Talcott Parsons believed that societies were held together by shared values and norms and that social institutions worked together to maintain order and stability. He saw societies as being capable of adapting to changing circumstances and believed that social progress was possible through the development of new institutions and the evolution of existing ones. Overall, his view of macro-level societies was quite positive.

Question 3

According to Ferdinand Töennies's criteria, the Amish community is an example of a gesellschaft community.

Accepted Answer

Töennies's concept of "gemeinschaft" refers to communities with close-knit, personal relationships, like the Amish, while "gesellschaft" refers to more impersonal, large-scale societies.

Question 4

Identify and explain the characteristics of the three types of authority in Max Weber's theory of authority. What differentiates the types of authority? Give an example of each type.

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Question 5

Spaces of flows are likely to have clear and defensible borders and are permanent in nature.

Accepted Answer

Spaces of flows are characterized by the movement of people, goods, and ideas, and therefore do not have clear and defensible borders. Additionally, they can change or dissipate over time as flows shift or decrease.

Question 6

Gemeinschaft and gesellschaft societies are ideal types.

Accepted Answer

Gemeinschaft and gesellschaft are sociological concepts introduced by Ferdinand Tönnies to describe two contrasting types of social groups, and they are considered ideal types for analytical purposes.

Question 7

Discuss the concepts of gemeinschaft and gesellschaft according to Ferdinand Töennies, and give an example of each.

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Question 8

According to gendered organization theorists, there are many ways by which bureaucracies do not treat all workers--especially women workers--equally. Provide two of the reasons that the text presents to support this assertion.

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Question 9

Manuel Castells argued that there was a change in the flow of places over time, saying we have gone from "spaces of places" to "spaces of flows." Define these two terms, and provide one example of each.

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Question 10

The text suggests that organizations that seek to control global flows face competition from organizations that are fluid and open. What is meant by this? Provide an example of competition between a traditional and an open organization. Give one example of criteria that limit the effects of openness.

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Question 11

Some of the most important and most obvious barriers to global flows are those constructed by nation-states, but nation-states have been losing control over a number of global flows.

Accepted Answer

Nation-states have traditionally been able to construct barriers to global flows through their control over borders, tariffs, and regulations. However, with the rise of globalization and technological advancements, nation-states have been losing some of this control and are facing challenges in regulating and controlling certain global flows.

Question 12

Discuss the concept of landscapes according to Arjun Appadurai, and list three types of landscapes.

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Question 13

What do the glass ceiling, glass cage, and glass cliff represent?

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Question 14

A network organization can be composed of several "interconnected nodes" with a horizontal structure and fuzzy boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A network organization is characterized by a flexible and decentralized structure, with a series of interconnected nodes that work together to achieve common goals. The boundaries can be fuzzy and not well-defined, and communication and collaboration are key components of this type of organization.

Question 15

Discuss three components of a bureaucracy according to Max Weber. What did Weber mean by the term ideal type?

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Question 16

According to the text, formal organizations have some inadequacies, but informal organizations can help compensate for these. What is an informal organization? After defining this term, name one way by which informal organizations might compensate for formal organizations.

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Question 17

Bureaucratization is mostly invisible to the consumers of the goods and services it produces.

Accepted Answer

Bureaucratization involves internal processes and structures within organizations that are not typically visible to consumers, who mainly interact with the end products or services.

Question 18

Contemporary organizations have been forced to become more flexible and agile than the ideal type of a bureaucracy.

Accepted Answer

This is because the ideal type of a bureaucracy is characterized by rigid rules and procedures, centralized decision-making, and hierarchical structures, which make it difficult to adapt to changes in the external environment. In contrast, contemporary organizations need to be able to quickly respond to changing customer needs, technological advancements, and market conditions, which requires them to be more flexible and agile in their operations.

Quiz 5: Organizations, Societies, and Global Relationships