Question 1

The rational model ignores all except _________.
A)certainty
B)uncertainty
C)ambiguity
D)chaos

Accepted Answer

The rational model assumes that all information is available, unambiguous, and certain. It does not factor in uncertainty, ambiguity, or chaos.

Question 2

Culture is important to organizational learning because it emphasizes _________.
A)building shared vision
B)vertical integration
C)centralized decision- making
D)empowerment

Accepted Answer

Building a shared vision is crucial in organizational learning as it aligns the goals and values of the organization, fostering a culture where learning and adaptation are encouraged and supported.

Question 3

The incrementalist model is most appropriate for which of the following organizations?
A)A pharmaceutical company that is complex because it has many groups of stakeholders
B)A dominant manufacturer of Pampers for babies that operates in a stable environment
C)A biotechnology company that operates in a dynamic environment
D)A computer company that operates in a very competitive environment

Accepted Answer

The incrementalist model is best suited for organizations in stable environments where small, gradual changes are more effective and less risky than large, radical changes. A dominant manufacturer operating in a stable environment fits this description.

Question 4

Bill Gates used the Garbage Can model of decision- making when examining which decision?
A)How to redesign Windows to compete better with Oracle
B)How to combat the antitrust legislation
C)How to develop a system to compete with Apple computer
D)How to compete with Netscape

Accepted Answer

Bill Gates used the Garbage Can model of decision-making when deciding how to compete with Netscape, as it involved a complex and chaotic process with multiple solutions and problems interacting unpredictably.

Question 5

A study of how hospitals in California responded to a doctors' strike indicated that hospitals that managed the strike more easily had:
A)an organic structure.
B)an escalation of commitment.
C)an incremental approach to decision- making.
D)centralized decision- making.

Accepted Answer

Hospitals with an organic structure are typically more flexible and adaptable, allowing them to manage unexpected situations like a doctors' strike more effectively.

Question 6

Which of the following models of decision- making is used the least?
A)Rational model
B)Garbage can model
C)Unstructured model
D)Carnegie model

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following models of decision-...

Question 7

A marketing manager championed expansion into Eastern Europe, but sales failed to materialize. Instead of recommending exiting from that market, he or she insisted that growth would occur. This is an example of which of the following cognitive biases?
A)Projection
B)Ego- defensiveness
C)Frequency
D)Cognitive dissonance

Accepted Answer

Ego-defensiveness is when individuals defend their decisions or beliefs to protect their self-esteem, even in the face of contrary evidence.

Question 8

Satisficing occurs when decision makers:
A)select a good alternative instead of continuing to search for the optimal choice.
B)select the first alternative that comes along.
C)select a few alternatives that differ only slightly from the status quo.
D)begin with a solution instead of a problem.

Accepted Answer

Satisficing involves choosing an option that meets the minimum criteria for acceptability rather than searching for the optimal solution, which aligns with selecting a good alternative.

Question 9

Culture and structure are tools used for the purpose of promoting organizational learning. These tools are used at which of the following levels?
A)Individual, group, division, and organization
B)Division and organization
C)Individual, group, organization, and interorganization
D)Organization and interorganization

Accepted Answer

The answer of Culture and structure are tools used for...

Question 10

Which type of interdependence promotes group level learning?
A)Reciprocal
B)Pooled
C)Sequential
D)Complex mental models

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal interdependence promotes group-level learning as it involves continuous feedback and adaptation among group members, enhancing collective understanding and knowledge sharing.

Question 11

Which of the following are the two types of organizational learning according to March?
A)Explorative and structured
B)Incremental and radical
C)Exploitative and radical
D)Explorative and exploitative

Accepted Answer

According to James March, the two types of organizational learning are explorative, which involves experimentation and innovation, and exploitative, which focuses on refining and improving existing knowledge and processes.

Question 12

Paul manages the Buick division at GM, and Joan oversees the Pontiac division at GM. Paul views the environment as hostile and uncertain. Joan views the environment as stable and sees many opportunities. What is likely the cause of this difference in perspective?
A)Differences in intellectual capabilities
B)Differences in organizational learning
C)Differences in cognitive structures
D)Differences in organizational capabilities

Accepted Answer

Differences in cognitive structures can lead to varying perceptions of the same environment, as individuals interpret and process information differently based on their mental frameworks and experiences.

Question 13

The garbage can model proposes all of the following except:
A)different coalitions support different alternatives.
B)chance and timing are important factors in decision- making.
C)decision- making can begin with a solution as well as with a problem.
D)an organization should focus on improving programmable decisions.

Accepted Answer

The garbage can model suggests that decision-making is often chaotic and disorganized, involving various solutions, problems, and participants. It does not emphasize improving programmable decisions, which are structured and routine.

Question 14

The conformity that emerges when like- minded people reinforce the tendency to interpret events and information in similar ways. This is called _________.
A)experimenting
B)groupthink
C)rational decision- making
D)devil's advocacy

Accepted Answer

Groupthink occurs when a group of like-minded individuals reinforce each other's perspectives, leading to a uniformity in interpreting events and information.

Question 15

Testing new ways to serve the customer or manufacture a product is a strategy for organizational learning called_________ .
A)garbage can approach
B)escalation of commitment
C)groupthink
D)experimenting

Accepted Answer

The answer of Testing new ways to serve the customer...

Question 16

If an organization wants to foster exploitative learning, it should implement a(n)_________structure.
A)organic
B)network organization
C)product team
D)mechanistic

Accepted Answer

A mechanistic structure is characterized by a high degree of formalization and centralization, which supports exploitative learning by focusing on efficiency, standardization, and refinement of existing processes.

Question 17

Managers have to unlearn old ideas and test decision- making skills by not:
A)listening to good news and suppressing bad news.
B)converting events into learning opportunities.
C)encouraging diversity.
D)listening to dissenters.

Accepted Answer

Managers should not listen only to good news and suppress bad news, as this prevents them from addressing real issues and improving decision-making skills.

Question 18

In the _________ model, managers select actions slightly different from past actions.
A)Carnegie
B)rational
C)incrementalist
D)Garbage can

Accepted Answer

The incrementalist model suggests that managers make decisions by making small, incremental changes to existing policies or actions rather than making drastic changes.

Question 19

A _________is a person who is responsible for critiquing ongoing organizational learning.
A)team leader
B)mentor
C)CEO
D)devil's advocate

Accepted Answer

A devil's advocate is responsible for critiquing and questioning ongoing organizational learning to ensure that all perspectives are considered and potential issues are addressed.

Question 20

Organizational learning needs to be encouraged at what four levels?
A)group, division, organization, and interorganization
B)individual, division, organization, and interorganization
C)individual, group, organization, and interorganization
D)individual, group, division, and organization

Accepted Answer

Organizational learning is encouraged at the individual, group, organization, and interorganization levels to ensure comprehensive development and knowledge sharing across all facets of an organization.

Quiz 12: Decision Making, Learning, Knowledge Management, and Information Technology

The rational model ignores all except _________.

Culture is important to organizational learning because it emphasizes _________.

The incrementalist model is most appropriate for which of the following organizations?

Bill Gates used the Garbage Can model of decision- making when examining which decision?

A study of how hospitals in California responded to a doctors' strike indicated that hospitals that managed the strike more easily had:

Which of the following models of decision- making is used the least?

A marketing manager championed expansion into Eastern Europe, but sales failed to materialize. Instead of recommending exiting from that market, he or she insisted that growth would occur. This is an example of which of the following cognitive biases?

Satisficing occurs when decision makers:

Culture and structure are tools used for the purpose of promoting organizational learning. These tools are used at which of the following levels?

Which type of interdependence promotes group level learning?

Which of the following are the two types of organizational learning according to March?

Paul manages the Buick division at GM, and Joan oversees the Pontiac division at GM. Paul views the environment as hostile and uncertain. Joan views the environment as stable and sees many opportunities. What is likely the cause of this difference in perspective?

The garbage can model proposes all of the following except:

The conformity that emerges when like- minded people reinforce the tendency to interpret events and information in similar ways. This is called _________.

Testing new ways to serve the customer or manufacture a product is a strategy for organizational learning called_________ .

If an organization wants to foster exploitative learning, it should implement a(n) _________structure.

Managers have to unlearn old ideas and test decision- making skills by not:

In the _________ model, managers select actions slightly different from past actions.

A _________is a person who is responsible for critiquing ongoing organizational learning.

Organizational learning needs to be encouraged at what four levels?