Question 1

RNA polymerase initiates transcription by recognizing specific DNA sequences called (promoter/origins/operons).

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

The phenotype of an organism is its set of (genes/traits/chromosomes).

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Except during initiation of translation, transfer RNA molecules carrying amino acids initially bind to the ribosome at the (P/A/E) site.

Accepted Answer

During initiation of translation, tRNA carrying methionine binds to the ribosome at the P site. However, during elongation, all other tRNA molecules carrying amino acids bind initially to the A site.

Question 4

Loosely packed, transcriptionally active regions of a eukaryotic chromosome are called (euchromatin/heterochromatin/nucleosomes).

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Question 5

A(n) (genome/codon/operon) is a set of prokaryotic genes that are regulated and transcribed as a unit.

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Question 6

A protein has altered function as a result of a single amino acid substitution in the polypeptide. This change resulted from a (missense/nonsense/silent) mutation.

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Question 7

A(n) (operon/codon/gene) is a specific sequence of nucleotides that codes for a protein or an RNA molecule.

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Question 8

While studying a bacterial strain a scientist notes a short DNA sequence between inverted repeats is present in both the chromosome and a plasmid within the cell. This sequence is most likely a(n) (phage/transposon/F plasmid).

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Question 9

The chemical 5- bromouracil mimics the chemical structure of thymine, making it a(n) (analog/nucleotide/precursor) of thymine.

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Question 10

The bacterial chromosome is

Accepted Answer

The bacterial chromosome is usually circular and is found in a nucleoid, which is a region of the cell that contains the DNA.

Question 11

The (leading/lagging/replicating) strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.

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Question 12

The Ames test demonstrates that a chemical is

Accepted Answer

The Ames test is used to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds using strains of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. It does not directly determine carcinogenicity or mutagenicity in humans.

Question 13

The enzyme responsible for separating the DNA strands during DNA replication is (topoisomerase/primase/helicase).

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The answer of The enzyme responsible for separating the DNA...

Question 14

Transfer of random pieces of DNA mediated by phage is known as

Accepted Answer

Generalized transduction is the process by which a bacteriophage transfers random pieces of bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another during the lytic cycle.

Question 15

Acridine dyes distort the structure of DNA causing (frameshift/missense/nonsense) mutations in gene sequences. (Answer in terms of the effect on gene function.)

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The answer of Acridine dyes distort the structure of DNA...

Question 16

DNA replication and RNA transcription have many features in common. Which of the following does NOT occur in both processes?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication requires a primer to initiate synthesis, whereas RNA transcription does not require a primer.

Question 17

DNA damage caused by ethidium bromide results in mutations.

Accepted Answer

Ethidium bromide intercalates between base pairs, causing DNA strand breaks and mutations. These mutations can be either insertions or deletions.

Question 18

The (codon/antidcodon/loop) of a transfer RNA molecule is complementary to a codon in a messenger RNA molecule.

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Question 19

The (phenotype/genome/genotype) is the set of genes in the genome of an organism.

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Question 20

Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells by viruses is called (transformation/transduction/conjugation).

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Quiz 7: Microbial Genetics