Question 1

The large populations of pathogenic microbes found in health care settings contribute to (nosocomial/iatrogenic/epidemic) infections.

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Question 2

The study of the cause of disease is known as (epidemiology/etiology).

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Question 3

The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater. As a consequence, cholera epidemics primarily involve (nonliving/animal/zoonotic) reservoirs.

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Question 4

Biological (sources/vectors/carriers) not only transmit pathogens, but also serve as hosts for the manipulation of the pathogen during some phase of the pathogen's life cycle.

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Question 5

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical vector transmission involves the physical transfer of pathogens by a vector without the pathogen undergoing any part of its life cycle within the vector. Cockroaches can mechanically transfer Shigella by carrying the bacteria on their bodies from contaminated surfaces to food or other surfaces.

Question 6

The degree to which a microbe is able to cause disease is known as its (morbidity/virulence/toxicity).

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Question 7

Nervous system function may be impaired by the action of (endotoxins/neurotoxins/cytotoxins).

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Question 8

Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system. This situation is an example of (commensalism/mutualism/parasitism).

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Question 9

Lipid A is a(n) (cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin) that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever, inflammation, diarrhea, hemorrhaging, shock, and blood coagulation.

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Question 10

The taxonomic approach to classifying disease is based on the

Accepted Answer

The taxonomic approach to classifying disease is based on the type of microbe that causes the disease, as it involves categorizing diseases according to the characteristics and classification of the microorganisms responsible for them.

Question 11

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

Accepted Answer

Resident microbiota are microorganisms that live on or in the human body throughout a person's life without causing disease under normal circumstances.

Question 12

Persons with asymptomatic infections may be (contaminants/reservoirs/zoonoses) of disease.

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Question 13

Spread of pathogens from one host to another by fomites is an example of (vehicle/direct/indirect) contact transmission.

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Question 14

A new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly. What measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread?

Accepted Answer

Educating the public, promoting vaccination, and treating those who are infected are all effective measures to stop the spread of a new influenza strain.

Question 15

The hepatitis C virus normally establishes a (latent/chronic/subclinical) infection and may be asymptomatic for a decade.

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Question 16

Fomites are

Accepted Answer

Fomites are inanimate objects that can become contaminated with infectious agents and facilitate their transmission to new hosts through indirect contact.

Question 17

The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal) period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of the disease.

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Question 18

Toxins that affect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract are (endotoxins/enterotoxins/exotoxins).

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Question 19

Virions attach to target host cell by means of (capsules/receptors/ligands).

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Question 20

The study of when and where diseases occur is known as (analytical/descriptive/experimental) epidemiology.

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Quiz 14: Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology