Question 1

Only humans exhibit vicarious conditioning of a fear response.

Accepted Answer

Vicarious conditioning, where an individual learns a response by observing others, is not exclusive to humans and has been observed in other animals, such as primates and rodents.

Question 2

To be diagnosed with panic disorder, people must have recurrent unexpected panic attacks.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent unexpected panic attacks, along with ongoing concern or behavioral changes related to the attacks.

Question 3

Individuals who report chest pains but have no evidence of heart disease should be assessed for panic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder can cause chest pain and symptoms similar to heart disease, so it's important to assess for it when no heart disease is present.

Question 4

While anxiety is characterized by avoidant behavior, a desire to flee is more consistent with fear.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety often involves avoidance of perceived threats, whereas fear typically triggers a fight-or-flight response, including the urge to flee from immediate danger.

Question 5

People with high levels of anxiety sensitivity are less prone to developing anxiety disorders because they are better able to avoid uncomfortable situations.

Accepted Answer

Anxiety sensitivity refers to the fear of anxiety-related sensations, which can actually increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders, as individuals may become more focused on and distressed by these sensations.

Question 6

Most first panic attacks occur during a stress-free time in the person's life.

Accepted Answer

Most first panic attacks often occur during periods of significant stress or after a stressful event, not during stress-free times.

Question 7

Anti-anxiety medications may interfere with the beneficial effects of exposure therapy.

Accepted Answer

Some anti-anxiety medications can dampen the emotional response necessary for exposure therapy to be effective, potentially reducing its benefits.

Question 8

By definition, a panic attack is a fear response that occurs in the absence of any danger.

Accepted Answer

The answer of By definition, a panic attack is a...

Question 9

Neurotic behavior is an indication that a person is out of touch with reality.

Accepted Answer

Neurotic behavior typically involves anxiety, worry, or emotional distress but does not indicate a loss of touch with reality, unlike psychotic disorders.

Question 10

All social phobics experience panic attacks.

Accepted Answer

Not all individuals with social phobia experience panic attacks; symptoms can vary widely among those affected.

Question 11

Unlike specific phobias, most people with social phobia have no evidence of classically conditioned learning.

Accepted Answer

Social phobia, like specific phobias, can often be traced to classically conditioned learning experiences, where a person associates social situations with negative outcomes.

Question 12

People with agoraphobia are afraid of being around other people because they are shy.

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable, not simply shyness or fear of being around people.

Question 13

Very few excessively shy children develop social phobia as adults.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Very few excessively shy children develop social...

Question 14

Panic disorder is twice as common in men as compared to women.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is actually more common in women than in men, with women being about twice as likely to be affected.

Question 15

Events that happen before, during, and after the pairing of a neutral stimulus and fear-eliciting stimulus will play a role in determining the level of fear that is later seen in response to the previous neutral stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as classical conditioning, where the timing and context of the pairing of stimuli can influence the strength of the conditioned response.

Question 16

Many of those with blood-injury phobia have fainted in response to the presence of blood.

Accepted Answer

Blood-injury phobia often triggers a vasovagal response, leading to fainting when individuals see blood.

Question 17

According to the fear of fear model of agoraphobia, internal bodily sensations become conditioned stimuli that may trigger a panic attack.

Accepted Answer

The fear of fear model suggests that individuals with agoraphobia become conditioned to fear the internal sensations associated with panic attacks, leading to avoidance behaviors.

Question 18

Exposure therapy can be very successful in as little as a single, three hour session.

Accepted Answer

Exposure therapy, particularly in the form of intensive or prolonged exposure sessions, has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of certain anxiety disorders, such as phobias, in a single, extended session.

Question 19

While fear responses may be conditioned to formerly neutral stimuli, conditioned anxiety does not exist.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned anxiety does exist; it occurs when a neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an anxiety-provoking event, leading to an anxious response to the previously neutral stimulus.

Question 20

Anxiety disorders

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders are found in all cultures, but the specific symptoms and triggers may vary depending on the culture.

Quiz 5: Panic, Anxiety, and Their Disorders