Question 1

What is the life span of an erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

The typical life span of an erythrocyte is around 120 days before they are removed from circulation by the spleen or liver.

Question 2

What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid, and where is this enzyme located?

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid and is primarily located in erythrocytes (red blood cells).

Question 3

Which white blood cell is the most abundant phagocyte in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are the primary phagocytes in the blood, responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens.

Question 4

What substance inhibits both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways?

Accepted Answer

Protein C inhibits both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa, which are crucial for the propagation of the clotting cascade.

Question 5

During hemoglobin metabolism, what is the yellow pigmented substance produced by the removal of the iron group called?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin is the yellow pigmented substance produced during the breakdown of hemoglobin after the removal of the iron group.

Question 6

The enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction whereby carbon dioxide and water are converted to .

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction converting carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid.

Question 7

High doses of aspirin can stimulate clotting by inhibiting the synthesis of

Accepted Answer

High doses of aspirin can inhibit the synthesis of prostacyclin, a compound that normally inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation, thus potentially promoting clotting.

Question 8

Your patient has been admitted for an asthma attack. In what type of white blood cell would you expect to see an elevated count?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils are typically elevated in conditions like asthma and allergic reactions, as they play a role in the body's immune response to allergens.

Question 9

Which of the following leukocytes are phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes are phagocytes, meaning they can engulf and digest pathogens and debris.

Question 10

What converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Thrombin is the enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during the blood clotting process.

Question 11

What cell type is the last stage of erythrocyte production prior to development of a mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocytes are the last stage of erythrocyte production before they mature into fully functional erythrocytes (red blood cells).

Question 12

What chemical dissolves blood clots?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin is an enzyme that dissolves blood clots by breaking down fibrin, the main protein component of clots.

Question 13

The iron- containing ring in hemoglobin is called _ _ and it binds _.

Accepted Answer

The iron-containing ring in hemoglobin is called "heme," and it binds oxygen.

Question 14

Which type of white blood cell includes B and T cells?

Accepted Answer

B and T cells are types of lymphocytes, which are a category of white blood cells involved in the adaptive immune response.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate with respect to erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, do not migrate into infected regions of tissue; this is a function of white blood cells.

Question 16

Hemophilia is a genetic clotting disorder usually characterized by the absence of what clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia is most commonly associated with the deficiency of factor VIII, which is known as Hemophilia A.

Question 17

The changing color of a bruise is caused by the breakdown products of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is broken down into , which is a green molecule. is a yellowish- brown molecule, again a breakdown product of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Biliverdin is the green molecule, and bilirubin is the yellowish-brown molecule, both are breakdown products of hemoglobin.

Question 18

Which statement best describes the function of albumins?

Accepted Answer

Albumins are plasma proteins that maintain osmotic pressure, affecting fluid movement into and out of capillaries.

Question 19

What type of cell is the precursor for platelets?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocytes are large bone marrow cells that give rise to platelets through a process called thrombopoiesis.

Question 20

Which statement below best describes why diabetics are two times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than non- diabetics?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes often leads to high cholesterol levels, which can cause atherosclerosis, a condition that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Quiz 15: The Cardiovascular System: Blood