Question 1

The (phenotype/genome/genotype) is the set of genes in the genome of an organism.

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Question 2

A mutation in the (acceptor/anticodon/loop) region of a transfer RNA may result in altered amino acid sequences in proteins.

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Question 3

Hepatitis C and other viruses with RNA genomes have higher mutation rates than viruses with DNA genomes. Based on information up to this point in the text suggest some possible explanations for the higher mutation rates. (You may also want to consider information in chapter 2, chemistry.)

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Question 4

A protein has altered function as a result of a single amino acid substitution in the polypeptide. This change resulted from a (missense/nonsense/silent) mutation.

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Question 5

A point mutation can be completely harmless, or it can result in the death of a cell or organism. Explain why these types of mutations can have such varying effects.

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Question 6

While studying a bacterial strain a scientist notes a short DNA sequence between inverted repeats is present in both the chromosome and a plasmid within the cell. This sequence is most likely a (phage/transposon/transformation).

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Question 7

Describe the basic similarities and differences between DNA replication and transcription.

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Question 8

The chemical 5-bromouracil mimics the chemical structure of thymine, making it a(n) (analog/nucleotide/precursor) of thymine.

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Question 9

A(n) (genome/codon/operon) is a set of prokaryotic genes that are regulated and transcribed as a unit.

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Question 10

The (leading/lagging/replicating) strand is the DNA strand that is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.

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Question 11

Acridine dyes distort the structure of DNA causing (frameshift/missense/nonsense) mutations in gene sequences. (Answer in terms of the effect on gene function.)

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Question 12

Except during initiation of translation, transfer RNA molecules carrying amino acids initially bind to the ribosome at the (P/A/E) site.

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Question 13

RNA polymerase initiates transcription by recognizing specific DNA sequences called (promoters/origins/operons).

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Question 14

Bacterial strain A contains a plasmid. Bacterial strain B does not. After the bacteria are incubated together in a broth culture strain B cells containing the plasmid can be isolated. Devise an experiment to determine what type of gene transfer process is involved.

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Question 15

Compare and contrast the lactose operon with the tryptophan operon.

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Quiz 7: Microbial Genetics