Question 1

The epiglottis cartilage is attached to the vocal folds (true vocal cords).

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located at the top of the larynx, not attached to the vocal folds; its primary function is to seal off the windpipe during swallowing, to prevent food from entering the airways.

Question 2

What is the name of the area indicated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of the area...

Question 3

__________ branch off the aorta and bring oxygen rich blood to the lungs.

Accepted Answer

Bronchial arteries branch off the aorta and supply oxygen-rich blood to the lungs, supporting the lung tissue itself.

Question 4

The cricoid is a movable flap of elastic cartilage associated with the larynx.

Accepted Answer

The cricoid is a ring-shaped cartilage located at the top of the trachea and is not a movable flap; the epiglottis is the movable flap associated with the larynx.

Question 5

In this lateral view of the larynx, which cartilage is indicated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In this lateral view of the larynx,...

Question 6

The _____ area in the _____ of the brain controls the basic rate of pulmonary ventilation.

Accepted Answer

The medullary rhythmicity area in the medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling the basic rate of pulmonary ventilation. This area automatically regulates the depth and rate of breathing.

Question 7

The two processes of pulmonary ventilation (breathing) are internal (tissue) respiration and external (pulmonary) respiration.

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing) refers specifically to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, which facilitates external (pulmonary) respiration (exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood). Internal (tissue) respiration, on the other hand, involves the exchange of gases between the blood and body tissues, and is not a component of pulmonary ventilation.

Question 8

Infants born before _____ weeks are severely at risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to lack of sufficient surfactant in alveoli.

Accepted Answer

Infants born before 26-28 weeks of gestation are at a significantly higher risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) because their lungs are not yet fully developed, and they lack sufficient surfactant, a substance crucial for keeping the alveoli (air sacs in the lungs) open, allowing for gas exchange.

Question 9

_____ neurons of the medullary rhythmicity area cause contraction of the diaphragm via signals sent through the _______ nerves.

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory neurons of the medullary rhythmicity area are responsible for initiating inhalation by sending signals that cause the diaphragm to contract. These signals are transmitted through the phrenic nerves to the diaphragm, facilitating breathing.

Question 10

The ___________________ receives signals from the _______________________ during forceful breathing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ___________________ receives signals from the _______________________...

Question 11

Which of the following cartilages of the larynx is anchored to the trachea inferiorly?

Accepted Answer

The cricoid cartilage is the only complete ring of cartilage around the airway and is located inferior to the thyroid cartilage, directly above the trachea, to which it is anchored.

Question 12

The alveoli are lined with two types of epithelial cells: Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelial cells) which are the main sites of gas exchange and Type II alveolar cells (septal cells) which secrete alveolar fluid.

Accepted Answer

Type I alveolar cells are indeed simple squamous epithelial cells that facilitate gas exchange, while Type II alveolar cells (septal cells) secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant, which reduces surface tension within the alveoli to prevent their collapse.

Question 13

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

External (pulmonary) respiration involves the blood gaining oxygen (O2) and losing carbon dioxide (CO2), not the other way around as stated in option D.

Question 14

The ______________ intercostal muscles and the _________________ contract during inhalation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________ intercostal muscles and the _________________...

Question 15

In this sagittal section, the arrow is pointing to which structure of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In this sagittal section, the arrow is...

Question 16

Which of the following cartilages forms the anterior wall of the larynx?

Accepted Answer

The thyroid cartilage forms the anterior wall of the larynx, easily recognizable as the Adam's apple in males.

Question 17

The trachea is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

Accepted Answer

The trachea is indeed lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, which includes goblet cells that produce mucus to trap foreign particles, while the cilia help to move the mucus upwards towards the pharynx for expulsion or swallowing.

Question 18

Each lung may be subdivided into 10 small compartments called _____, and each of these is supplied by a branch of the bronchial tree called a _____.

Accepted Answer

Each lung is divided into bronchopulmonary segments, and each segment is supplied by a tertiary (segmental) bronchus.

Question 19

In this lateral view of the right lung, the arrow is pointing to which structure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In this lateral view of the right...

Question 20

Which cartilages are indicated in the figure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cartilages are indicated in the figure?...

Quiz 23: The Respiratory System