Question 1

Attitudinal and behavioural uniformities that define group membership and differentiate between groups are called:

Accepted Answer

Norms are the shared expectations and rules that guide behavior of people within social groups, which indeed define group membership and differentiate between groups.

Question 2

The advantage(s) of Hogg's (1993) model of personal versus social attraction over the traditional model is:

Accepted Answer

Hogg's model extends the applicability of attraction theories from small, interactive groups to broader social categories, offering a more comprehensive understanding of group dynamics.

Question 3

Group norms function to:

Accepted Answer

Group norms are shared guidelines or rules that are understood and followed by group members to coordinate their actions and efforts towards achieving a common goal. These norms help in organizing group activities and ensuring that members work together effectively.

Question 4

Chandler is a new member of the drama society at University. However, all members must go through a mysterious initiation process before they can attain full member status, which Chandler has not yet completed. At the moment, Chandler is a ________ of the drama society.

Accepted Answer

Chandler is considered a quasi-member because he has joined the drama society but has not completed the initiation process to become a full member.

Question 5

The three basic processes involved in Moreland's group socialisation are:

Accepted Answer

The three basic processes involved in Moreland's group socialization theory are evaluation, commitment, and role transition. These processes describe how individuals join groups, become integrated into them, and eventually leave them.

Question 6

The term 'group cohesiveness':

Accepted Answer

Group cohesiveness refers to the bonds that hold a group together, including the sense of solidarity, loyalty, and commitment among members. It is indeed a psychological process that involves how individuals feel connected and committed to the group.

Question 7

In order to join the OLC (Oranges and Lemons Club) girls must undergo an embarrassing initiation rite that we had better not go into here. Despite this, successful members value becoming an OLC person, probably because they have experienced:

Accepted Answer

The initiation rite for joining the OLC likely causes cognitive dissonance, as the embarrassment of the initiation contrasts with the desire to be part of the group. Successfully joining after enduring the initiation reduces this dissonance, making membership more valuable to the individuals. This process is known as dissonance reduction.

Question 8

Using groups of different sizes, Zaccaro (1984) asked the question: if you make a task more attractive will social loafing drop off? The answer is that:

Accepted Answer

Social loafing tends to decrease when a task is made more attractive because individuals are more motivated to contribute to a task they find appealing or rewarding.

Question 9

Differences between various groups are defined by:

Accepted Answer

Normative discontinuities are the differences in values, beliefs, and norms that define the boundaries between different groups.

Question 10

Which of the following group characteristics helps to reduce social loafing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following group characteristics helps...

Question 11

A person's passage through groups over time has been described by Moreland and colleagues as:

Accepted Answer

Moreland and colleagues describe a person's passage through groups over time as "group socialisation," which involves the processes by which individuals join, become integrated into, and exit groups.

Question 12

From the following, the best way to reduce the possibility of social loafing would be to:

Accepted Answer

Making the task important to the members of the group increases their intrinsic motivation, which reduces the likelihood of social loafing. When individuals see the value and importance of their contributions, they are more likely to put in effort.

Question 13

According to Hogg (1993), when a group member's liking for another member is determined by how prototypical that person is with respect to the group, we have evidence of:

Accepted Answer

Social attraction in this context refers to the phenomenon where a group member's liking for another is influenced by how well that person represents the group's identity or norms, which is what being prototypical with respect to the group implies.

Question 14

A procedure to acknowledge a group member's change from one role to another is a(n):

Accepted Answer

Initiation rites are ceremonies or rituals that mark the transition of an individual from one role, status, or social position to another, acknowledging and celebrating this change within the group context.

Question 15

Group norms:

Accepted Answer

Group norms specify behavior that is acceptable within a certain context, guiding members on how to act appropriately in group settings.

Question 16

In Tuckman's (1965) five-stage developmental sequence that groups go through, which is the stage where consensus, cohesion and a sense of common identity and purpose emerge?

Accepted Answer

Norming is the stage in Tuckman's model where the group starts to come together, developing a sense of unity and understanding shared goals and values, which leads to consensus, cohesion, and a sense of common identity and purpose.

Question 17

In the interpersonal interdependence model of group cohesiveness, we would expect group members to:

Accepted Answer

The interpersonal interdependence model emphasizes the importance of communication and adherence to group standards to maintain cohesiveness and effective functioning within the group.

Question 18

In an important psychology group assignment, Connie works extra hard because she assumes that the other members in her group will not put in the necessary effort and she wants to get a good mark. Connie's effort is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Connie's effort is an example of social compensation, where an individual works harder in a group setting to compensate for the perceived lower performance of others to ensure the group's success or to achieve a desired outcome.

Question 19

In Claire's family no one wears shoes in the house. Claire is curious why this is so and thought she might find out by means of ethnomethodology. Therefore she:

Accepted Answer

Ethnomethodology involves studying social norms and behaviors by disrupting them to see how people react. By wearing shoes at home, Claire directly disrupts the norm in her family, making this action a practical application of ethnomethodology.

Question 20

Alex and Lauren have been close friends since they were 6-years old. They are now part of rival pub trivia teams and their respective teams are competing against each other for the grand prize-a $50 bar tab. From this information, Alex has ________ for Lauren and ________ for her.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alex and Lauren have been close friends...

Quiz 8: People in Groups