Question 1

A characteristic that distinguishes delirium from mild and major neurocognitive disorder is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The acute onset of symptoms is a key characteristic that distinguishes delirium from mild and major neurocognitive disorder. Delirium is typically characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms, often within hours or days, while neurocognitive disorders have a gradual onset of symptoms over a period of months or years. Additionally, delirium is often reversible with treatment, while neurocognitive disorders are usually progressive and irreversible.

Question 2

What is most important to survival and recovery from a traumatic brain injury?

Accepted Answer

Immediate medical intervention is critical for identifying the extent and location of the brain injury, stabilizing the patient's condition, preventing further damage, and starting appropriate treatment. While psychological testing, social support, and optimism can all be helpful for recovery, they are not as immediately crucial as medical intervention.

Question 3

The primary distinction between major and minor neurocognitive disorder is ____.

Accepted Answer

Major neurocognitive disorder involves significant cognitive decline and substantial impairment in independent functioning, while minor neurocognitive disorder involves modest cognitive decline with less impact on daily activities.

Question 4

The most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder is ____.

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, accounting for approximately 60-80% of all cases.

Question 5

Jed, age 80, was hospitalized for a hip surgery. He is now exhibiting confusion about the time of day or day of week. He is unable to focus on anything. These symptoms started after his surgery. What is a likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Delirium is a common condition in elderly patients following surgery, characterized by sudden confusion and inability to focus, often fluctuating throughout the day.

Question 6

Hazel was not wearing her helmet when she had an accident on her bicycle. As she fell, her brain was punctured by a broken spoke from the wheel of her bike, causing a rupture of her brain and hemorrhaging. Hazel experiences which type of head injury?

Accepted Answer

A cerebral laceration involves a puncture or tearing of the brain tissue, which occurred when the broken spoke punctured Hazel's brain. A concussion involves a temporary disruption of brain function, a contusion involves a bruising of the brain tissue, and anoxia involves a lack of oxygen to the brain. None of these fully describe Hazel's injury.

Question 7

Rose, 89 years old, has had a gradual loss of memory affecting skills such as remembering people's names and phone numbers. However, in her Bible study class, she makes insightful comments and understands the topic of discussion. This would suggest that Rose is experiencing ____.

Accepted Answer

Rose's ability to make insightful comments and understand discussions suggests that her memory loss is consistent with normal aging, as she retains cognitive abilities in other areas.

Question 8

Dr. Berkins told her gerontology students that there are three major neurocognitive disorder categories listed in the DSM-5. These include major neurocognitive disorder, delirium, and ____.

Accepted Answer

The three major neurocognitive disorder categories listed in the DSM-5 are major neurocognitive disorder, delirium, and mild neurocognitive disorder. Therefore, the correct choice is A, mild neurocognitive disorder. Option B, dementia, is a type of major neurocognitive disorder, so it is not a separate category. Option C, brain pathology, is a general term that does not refer to a specific DSM-5 disorder category. Option D, learning disabilities, are not considered a neurocognitive disorder as they do not involve a decline in cognitive function.

Question 9

Which of the following can cause a neurocognitive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke can lead to brain damage, which may result in a neurocognitive disorder.

Question 10

Harold was involved in a fight and received several kicks to the head. A CT scan revealed bruising of his cortex. Harold's symptoms suggest ____.

Accepted Answer

A cerebral contusion refers to bruising of the brain tissue, which aligns with the CT scan findings of bruising of Harold's cortex.

Question 11

Because of high blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy smoking, Donald is at risk for having ____.

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure, lack of physical exercise, and heavy smoking are risk factors for ischemic stroke, which is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.

Question 12

The core feature of Alzheimer's disease is ____.

Accepted Answer

Memory impairment is the core feature of Alzheimer's disease, as it primarily affects memory and cognitive functions.

Question 13

When a neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant memory impairment and cognitive disturbances, or significant disturbances in planning and abstracting in thought processes, it is considered to be ____.

Accepted Answer

A major neurocognitive disorder involves significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains, such as memory and planning, which interfere with independence in everyday activities.

Question 14

Which statement about dementia is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Dementia is associated with a wide range of disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Option A is incorrect because the percentage of people over age 65 with dementia is actually between 5 and 8 percent. Option B is incorrect because hallucinations and delusions can occur in some types of dementia. Option C is incorrect because the prevalence of dementia increases with age.

Question 15

Among elderly individuals, episodes of delirium are often associated with ____.

Accepted Answer

Delirium in elderly individuals is often triggered by acute medical illnesses or surgical procedures, which can cause sudden changes in mental status.

Question 16

"A physical wound or internal injury to the brain" defines a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A traumatic brain injury is defined as a physical wound or internal injury to the brain.

Question 17

Who has the lowest risk for developing dementia in the next year?

Accepted Answer

Cora, being only 20 years old, has the lowest risk for developing dementia in the next year compared to the others, as age is a significant risk factor for dementia.

Question 18

Marcus is 83 takes a long time to think about and say what he is thinking. Simple thoughts take a lot of effort, and he needs help with his finances. He developed this condition very suddenly and has experienced a steady cognitive decline since it began. Marcus was diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. What aspect of his case is unusual?

Accepted Answer

Mild neurocognitive disorder typically has a gradual onset, so a sudden onset is unusual.

Question 19

Rozee is 91years old. Her doctor suspects that she may have Parkinson's disease because she ____.

Accepted Answer

Hand and face tremors are common symptoms of Parkinson's disease, which is why the doctor suspects it in Rozee's case.

Question 20

The estimated number of individuals with AD in the U.S. is ____.

Accepted Answer

The estimated number of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in the U.S. is approximately 5 million.

Quiz 12: Neurocognitive Disorders