Question 1

A mutation occurs in a gene that is important to the production of MHC Class II molecules. Which of the following statements accurately describes the ramifications of such a mutation?
A) Such a mutation will hinder antibody production due to the lack of interaction between B lymphocytes and helper T cells.
B) Such a mutation inhibits cytotoxic T cell function since these cells will not be able to interact with other cells of the body.
C) There will not be a negative impact because the mutation affects a rare class of MHC molecules that are only functional later in life.
D) Such a mutation will alter the ability of NK cells to detect tumor cells in the body.

Accepted Answer

MHC Class II molecules are crucial for the interaction between helper T cells and B cells. A mutation affecting MHC Class II production would impair this interaction, leading to reduced antibody production by B cells.

Question 2

The introduction of antibodies from another source will stimulate the production of antibodies by the body.

Accepted Answer

The introduction of antibodies from another source (passive immunity) does not stimulate the body to produce its own antibodies; it provides immediate, but temporary, protection without engaging the body's immune memory response.

Question 3

A patient was shown to have high interferon levels. This would be an indicator of what type of infection?
A) Viral infection
B) Bacterial infection
C) Parasitic worm infection
D) None of the choices are correct.

Accepted Answer

Interferons are proteins released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and tumor cells. They are particularly known for their role in the immune response to viral infections, where they help inhibit virus replication and activate immune cells.

Question 4

Edema of the inguinal region results from removal of popliteal lymph nodes.

Accepted Answer

Edema of the inguinal region would more likely result from issues with lymph nodes in the inguinal area itself, not from the removal of popliteal lymph nodes, which are located behind the knee and would affect the leg or calf area.

Question 5

Cytotoxic T cells can respond only to cells that display abnormal MHC Class II molecules.

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells primarily respond to cells displaying abnormal peptides bound to MHC Class I molecules, not Class II. MHC Class I molecules are found on almost all nucleated cells and present endogenous antigens, while MHC Class II molecules are typically found on professional antigen-presenting cells and present exogenous antigens.

Question 6

A cell has experienced a mutation that results in uncontrolled cell division. Which of the following types of defense cell would most likely interact with the mutated cell and how?
A) This is a cytotoxic T cell that interacts with the mutated cell through an MHC class I molecule.
B) This is a cytotoxic T cell that interacts with the mutated cell through an MHC class II molecule.
C) This is an antigen-presenting cell that interacts with the mutated cell through an MHC class I molecule.
D) This is an antigen-presenting cell that interacts with the mutated cell through an MHC class II molecule.

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for killing cancerous or virus-infected cells. They recognize these abnormal cells through interactions with MHC class I molecules, which present endogenous antigens (including mutated proteins from cancer cells) on the surface of all nucleated cells.

Question 7

During a recent Ebola outbreak, clinicians attempted to collect "blood products" to help those infected with the virus fight the infection. Which of the following best relates this treatment to adaptive immunity?
A) The clinicians were hoping to use artificial passive immunity by introducing antibodies from those that survived the infection to individuals that were currently infected.
B) The clinicians were hoping to use artificial active immunity by introducing antigens from those that survived the infection to individuals that were currently infected.
C) The clinicians were hoping to use natural passive immunity by introducing antibodies from those that survived the infection to individuals that were currently infected.
D) The clinicians were hoping to use natural active immunity by introducing antibodies from those that survived the infection to individuals that were currently infected.

Accepted Answer

The clinicians were aiming to use artificial passive immunity, which involves transferring antibodies from recovered patients to those currently infected, providing immediate but temporary protection.

Question 8

A body fluid has been collected and IgA antibodies have been detected. Which of the following statements is correct in regard to the fluid?
A) The body fluid is most likely saliva due to the presence of IgA antibodies.
B) The body fluid is most likely lymph that contain B lymphocytes because IgA antibodies are most often attached to B lymphocytes.
C) The body fluid is most likely blood because IgA antibodies are only found in blood.

Accepted Answer

IgA antibodies are predominantly found in mucosal areas such as the gut, respiratory tract, and saliva, as well as in secretions like tears and breast milk, making saliva a likely source when IgA antibodies are detected.

Question 9

Basophils are the only white blood cells that stimulate inflammation.

Accepted Answer

Other white blood cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils, also play roles in stimulating and regulating inflammation, not just basophils.

Question 10

Inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes is an indication of possible infection in the ________.
A) lower limb
B) reproductive organs
C) abdomen
D) upper limb

Accepted Answer

The answer of Inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes is...

Question 11

A cell has engulfed a substance from the extracellular material and has migrated to a lymph node to interact with a helper T cell. Which of the following statements best describes this cell?
A) This is an antigen-presenting cell that interacts with the helper T cell through an MHC class II molecule.
B) This is an antigen-presenting cell that interacts with the helper T cell through an MHC class I molecule.
C) This is a cytotoxic T cell that interacts with the helper T cell through an MHC class II molecule.
D) This is a cytotoxic T cell that interacts with the helper T cell through an MHC class I molecule.

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells engulf antigens and present them on their surface using MHC class II molecules to helper T cells, initiating an immune response.

Question 12

Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?
A) Neutrophils - increase in number in response to bacterial infections
B) Interferons - assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens
C) Complement - slow the spread of viral infections
D) Eosinophil - recognize abnormal cells, such as cancer cells

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that indeed increase in number in response to bacterial infections, playing a crucial role in the body's defense by engulfing and destroying bacteria.

Question 13

A sharp blow to the ________ could result in rupture of the spleen.
A) left hypochondriac region
B) left iliac region
C) epigastric region
D) umbilical region

Accepted Answer

The spleen is located in the left hypochondriac region, just under the rib cage, making it susceptible to injury from a sharp blow to this area.

Quiz 22: Lymphatic System and Immunity

A mutation occurs in a gene that is important to the production of MHC Class II molecules. Which of the following statements accurately describes the ramifications of such a mutation?

The introduction of antibodies from another source will stimulate the production of antibodies by the body.

A patient was shown to have high interferon levels. This would be an indicator of what type of infection?

Edema of the inguinal region results from removal of popliteal lymph nodes.

Cytotoxic T cells can respond only to cells that display abnormal MHC Class II molecules.

A cell has experienced a mutation that results in uncontrolled cell division. Which of the following types of defense cell would most likely interact with the mutated cell and how?

During a recent Ebola outbreak, clinicians attempted to collect "blood products" to help those infected with the virus fight the infection. Which of the following best relates this treatment to adaptive immunity?

A body fluid has been collected and IgA antibodies have been detected. Which of the following statements is correct in regard to the fluid?

Basophils are the only white blood cells that stimulate inflammation.

Inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes is an indication of possible infection in the ________.

A cell has engulfed a substance from the extracellular material and has migrated to a lymph node to interact with a helper T cell. Which of the following statements best describes this cell?

Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?

A sharp blow to the ________ could result in rupture of the spleen.