Question 1

All of the following conditions may result in the release of adrenal medullary hormones, except ________.

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medullary hormones, such as adrenaline, are typically released in response to stress, low blood glucose, exercise, and injury to prepare the body for a "fight or flight" response. Consuming a large meal does not trigger this response; instead, it would likely lead to the release of insulin from the pancreas to help manage the increased blood glucose levels.

Question 2

The endocrine system is a system of ductless glands that secrete their products into the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that release hormones directly into the surrounding interstitial fluid, from where they diffuse into the bloodstream to reach target organs.

Question 3

Another name for the anterior pituitary is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another name for the anterior pituitary is...

Question 4

If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, all of the following effects are seen, except

Accepted Answer

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells. If insulin secretion is too low or its receptors are insensitive, the uptake of glucose into cells would be decreased, not increased.

Question 5

Glucagon is synthesized by the ________ cells of the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glucagon is synthesized by the ________ cells...

Question 6

All of the following are characteristics of the pituitary gland except

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland is located inferior to the hypothalamus, not superior to it. It is situated in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, secretes multiple hormones, influences other endocrine glands, and is regulated by the hypothalamus.

Question 7

The major target tissues of insulin include all of the following, except ________.

Accepted Answer

Insulin primarily targets adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle to facilitate glucose uptake and metabolism. The brain, however, primarily utilizes glucose independently of insulin for its energy needs.

Question 8

The hypothalamohypophysial portal system extends from the hypothalamus to the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypothalamohypophysial portal system extends from the...

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of LH?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is involved in stimulating ovulation, the synthesis of testosterone, supporting sperm cell production, and stimulating the secretion of progesterone. It does not stimulate the contraction of the uterus; that function is primarily associated with oxytocin.

Question 10

All of the following tissues are targeted by PTH, except ________.

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily targets bone and the kidneys to regulate calcium levels in the blood, but it does not directly target muscle tissue.

Question 11

Thromboxane is a chemical mediator released by platelets. Thromboxane promotes the aggregation of platelets which results in platelet plug formation during hemostasis. Thromboxane would therefore be classified as a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

Thromboxane acts as an autocrine chemical messenger because it is released by platelets and acts on the same cells to promote platelet aggregation.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes the actions of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones primarily act by entering cells and binding to intracellular nuclear receptors, which then modulate gene expression. They do not primarily interact with membrane signaling proteins or bind to molecules of the cytoskeleton or epithelial plasma membranes in the manner described in the other options.

Question 13

Match the hormone with the best description.
-Progesterone

Accepted Answer

Progesterone plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy.

Question 14

All of the following are regulatory functions of the endocrine system except ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are regulatory functions...

Question 15

The ________ pituitary is a neural extension of the hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ pituitary is a neural extension...

Question 16

The major thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

The major thyroid hormone that interacts with target cells is triiodothyronine (T3), which is more active than thyroxine (T4) despite being present in smaller quantities.

Question 17

The posterior pituitary secretes ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The posterior pituitary secretes ________.
...

Question 18

Tetraiodothyronine is also commonly referred to as thyroxine.

Accepted Answer

Tetraiodothyronine is indeed commonly referred to as thyroxine, and it is abbreviated as T4. It is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.

Question 19

Match the hormone with the best description.
-Relaxin

Accepted Answer

Relaxin is known for its role in pregnancy, where it increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the cervix, aiding in childbirth. It affects the connective tissues, making them more flexible.

Question 20

All of the following classes of hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex except

Accepted Answer

The adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones, which include mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Water-soluble peptides are not secreted by the adrenal cortex; they are a different class of hormones.

Quiz 18: Endocrine Glands