Question 1

Higher intake of which of the following minerals is associated with lowered blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Potassium is associated with lowered blood pressure because it helps to balance out the negative effects of sodium and relaxes blood vessel walls.

Question 2

Adequate intakes of ________ support optimal bone health.

Accepted Answer

Calcium and vitamin D are directly involved in bone formation and maintenance, while protein is essential for the structure of bone matrix.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of potassium?

Accepted Answer

Potassium is crucial for the regulation of fluid balance in the body. It helps maintain proper hydration levels in cells and is involved in nerve function, muscle contractions, and heart function.

Question 4

Which of the following is a function of chloride?

Accepted Answer

Chloride is a key component of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach, which is essential for the digestion process.

Question 5

A good indicator of bone health is

Accepted Answer

Bone mineral density is a direct measure of the amount of minerals in bones, reflecting their strength and health.

Question 6

Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive

Accepted Answer

Vomiting leads to the loss of stomach acid, which contains hydrochloric acid, resulting in chloride depletion.

Question 7

Which of the following population groups is at risk for high blood potassium?

Accepted Answer

People with kidney disorders are at risk for high blood potassium because their kidneys may not be able to remove potassium efficiently from the blood, leading to hyperkalemia.

Question 8

The major source of chloride in the diet is

Accepted Answer

The major source of chloride in the diet is table salt, which is sodium chloride (NaCl).

Question 9

Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining proper heart rhythm, as it helps to regulate heartbeat and is essential for the proper function of heart muscle cells.

Question 10

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in

Accepted Answer

Potassium is most abundant in fruits and vegetables. These food groups are recommended as excellent sources of potassium, which is essential for various bodily functions, including maintaining a healthy heart and regulating fluid balance.

Question 11

Which of the following population groups is at high risk for low blood potassium?

Accepted Answer

People with eating disorders are at high risk for low blood potassium due to potential malnutrition and behaviors such as purging, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances.

Question 12

Switching from an omnivorous diet to a vegetarian diet would most likely ________ your intake of potassium.

Accepted Answer

Switching to a vegetarian diet typically increases your intake of fruits and vegetables, which are high in potassium, thus likely increasing your potassium intake.

Question 13

The mixture of calcium and phosphorus that forms the structure of bone is called

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite, a compound of calcium and phosphorous, is the primary mineral that makes up the structural matrix of bones and teeth, providing them with their rigidity.

Question 14

Fluid balance is dependent on

Accepted Answer

Fluid balance in the body is primarily dependent on electrolytes, among which potassium plays a crucial role. It helps regulate fluid balance along with other electrolytes like sodium. Iron, vitamin C, and niacin are important for other bodily functions but do not directly regulate fluid balance.

Question 15

Cortical bone

Accepted Answer

Cortical bone, also known as compact bone, has a dense structure that provides strength and stability to bones.

Question 16

Reducing dietary intake of sodium will ________ urine production.

Accepted Answer

Reducing sodium intake decreases the body's need to excrete excess sodium, which can lead to decreased urine production.

Question 17

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of potassium?

Accepted Answer

Squash is a nutrient-dense food that is high in potassium compared to the other options listed.

Question 18

Trabecular bone

Accepted Answer

Trabecular bone, also known as spongy or cancellous bone, has a porous structure that makes it lighter and allows for the storage of marrow, where blood cell synthesis occurs. It is also more rapidly remodeled than cortical bone, which is denser and forms the outer layer of bones.

Question 19

Accumulation of bone mass occurs primarily during childhood and adolescence. Later in life, the rate of bone degradation exceeds the rate of bone synthesis. For average, healthy men and women, gradual bone loss begins around age

Accepted Answer

Gradual bone loss typically begins around age 30 for both men and women, as the balance between bone synthesis and degradation starts to favor degradation.

Question 20

The ratio by weight of sodium to chloride in table salt is

Accepted Answer

Table salt is composed of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions. The atomic weight of sodium is approximately 23, and the atomic weight of chloride is approximately 35.5. Therefore, the weight ratio of sodium to chloride in NaCl is about 23:35.5, which simplifies to approximately 40:60.

Quiz 9: Water and Minerals