Question 1

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic, which emphasized hard work, thrift, and self-discipline, led to the accumulation of wealth among Protestants in Western Europe. This accumulation of wealth created a surplus of capital, which then coalesced with other factors to give birth to capitalism. Therefore, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of capitalism.

Question 2

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D, latent function. According to Merton's theory of functionalism, latent functions refer to unintended and unrecognized consequences of social institutions. In this case, the unintentional consequence of college education is that it provides a stable source of potential workers who are labeled as "students," which helps stabilize the job market.

Question 3

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx's theory of historical materialism posits that economic factors and class struggle are the main drivers of social change, while Max Weber believed that ideas, values, and cultural factors (such as religion) play a significant role in shaping society. Therefore, Marx believed that economics was the central force for social change, while Weber believed that religion was the force most responsible for social change.

Question 4

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was ________.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx is the social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution. He believed that capitalism created an exploitative class system and that a revolution was necessary to overthrow it and establish a socialist system.

Question 5

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were ________, ________, and ________.

Accepted Answer

Option A includes three of the most influential and widely studied modern thinkers in the fields of philosophy, economics, psychology, and physics. Karl Marx's ideas about capitalism and socialism have had a significant impact on world history and continue to be relevant today. Sigmund Freud's theories of the unconscious mind and psychoanalytic therapy greatly influenced modern psychology. Albert Einstein's theories of relativity and the nature of space and time revolutionized our understanding of physics. Option B includes one sociologist, one behaviorist psychologist, and a controversial FBI director, none of whom have had the same level of impact on their respective fields as the individuals listed in option A. Option C includes Louis Pasteur, a prominent microbiologist, whose work had a significant impact on medicine, but he is not typically included as a "modern thinker" in the same way as the other individuals listed. Option D includes a visionary architect, a medical researcher, and a psychologist, none of whom as influential or widely studied as the individuals listed in option A.

Question 6

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim is most identified with the study of social integration, which encompasses the ways in which individuals are connected to their society and form a sense of belonging. Durkheim's theory emphasized the role of social structures and institutions in shaping individual behavior and beliefs.

Question 7

During his career, Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path?

Accepted Answer

Anthony's career path indicates that he has been applying sociological knowledge and methods to address practical issues and solve problems in various settings, such as law enforcement, corrections, and community development. This is the essence of applied sociology, which involves using sociological insights to inform policy, program design, and intervention strategies aimed at improving social conditions and changing social institutions. While Anthony's work may have some elements of basic sociology (i.e., theoretical and empirical research), his primary focus has been on using sociology to make a difference in people's lives and promote social justice. Therefore, the best choice is C, applied sociologist.

Question 8

The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was ________.

Accepted Answer

Talcott Parsons was known for his work in developing social analysis models that demonstrated how different parts of society work together in harmony. Burgess was a sociologist who focused on urban sociology, Park was known for his work in human ecology and race relations, and Thomas was known for his work in symbolic interactionism.

Question 9

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx used the terms bourgeoisie to describe the wealthy capitalist class who owned the means of production, and proletariat to describe the working class who sold their labor to the bourgeoisie.

Question 10

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely symbolic interactionists. Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the importance of symbols and face-to-face interactions in shaping individual identities and constructing social reality.

Question 11

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n)________ and John would be seen as a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

Mark's view aligns with functionalism, which sees society as a system of interconnected parts that work together for the overall functioning of society. In contrast, John's view aligns with conflict theory, which sees society as composed of different groups competing for power and resources. Therefore, Mark would be considered a functionalist and John would be seen as a conflict theorist.

Question 12

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n)________ sociologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is focused on analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals, indicating that his primary goal is to contribute to the theoretical understanding of society. Therefore, Dr. Zahn would be considered a basic (or pure) sociologist. Applied sociologists, on the other hand, focus on using sociological knowledge to address practical problems, while practical and reform sociologists are less common and less well-defined categories in the field.

Question 13

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

Accepted Answer

According to Robert Merton's theory of functionalism, manifest functions are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

Question 14

The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the power elite was developed by C. Wright Mills in his 1956 book "The Power Elite."

Question 15

Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.

Accepted Answer

Max Weber referred to this as the "Protestant ethic," a belief system characterized by hard work, discipline, frugality, and a rejection of materialism. This attitude was seen as promoting the growth of capitalism as individuals worked diligently to accumulate wealth.

Question 16

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.

Accepted Answer

W. E. B. Du Bois was the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, and he dedicated his life to studying and advocating for race relations in America. He was also one of the founders of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).

Question 17

The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _______ and ________.

Accepted Answer

Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer both believed in the idea of society as a living organism, with Comte referring to it as the "social organism" and Spencer using the term "social Darwinism" to describe the idea of society evolving and adapting like a biological organism. Durkheim and Weber had different perspectives on society and did not use this analogy. Marx focused more on social conflict and change rather than comparing society to a living organism.

Question 18

What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?

Accepted Answer

Frances Perkins was the first woman to be appointed as a presidential cabinet member, serving as Secretary of Labor under Franklin D. Roosevelt. She played a key role in shaping New Deal policies to address labor concerns, workplace safety, and social welfare.

Question 19

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Accepted Answer

The sentence directly states that the co-founder of Hull-House won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931. The only person named who fits this description is Jane Addams, making D the correct choice. Marion Talbot was a member of the Hull-House community but was not a co-founder. Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a writer and feminist, but not associated with Hull-House. Alice Paul was a suffragette and women's rights activist, but also not involved with Hull-House.

Question 20

Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.

Accepted Answer

Functionalists view society as a complex structure made up of interconnected parts that work together to maintain social order and stability, hence they refer to how these parts fit together as a structure. Option A is incorrect as a symbol does not refer to the interconnectedness of societal parts. Option B is incorrect as a synthesis refers to the combination of different elements to form a new whole and not the interconnectedness of societal parts. Option C is incorrect as an integration refers to the act of bringing different parts together, whereas functionalists are more concerned with how parts of a society are interdependent and connected.

Quiz 1: The Sociological Perspective

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

Karl Marx believed that was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that was the force most responsible for social change.

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was ________.

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were , , and .

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

During his career, Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path?

The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was ________.

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the and the .

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) and John would be seen as a(n) .

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist.

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.

Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.

The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _ and __.

What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.

Quiz 1: The Sociological Perspective

According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central factor in the birth of ________.

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

The social thinker of the 19th century who predicted that there would be a classless society once the working class united and began a revolution was ________.

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were ________, ________, and ________.

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

During his career, Anthony has worked as a juvenile police officer, corrections counselor in a state prison, and executive director of an urban redevelopment program. In view of this, which description best describes Anthony's career path?

The American sociologist who focused on social analysis, developing abstract models showing how parts of society harmoniously work together, was ________.

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.

Sociologists who analyze how social life depends on the ways that people define themselves and others are most likely ________.

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist.

According to Robert Merton, ________ are the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions.

The sociologist who developed the concept of the power elite was ________.

Max Weber referred to the self-denying approach to life characterized by people living frugal lives and saving their money as the ________.

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.

The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _______ and ________.

What distinction did sociologist Frances Perkins hold in American history?

Because of her outstanding contributions to social reform, as demonstrated in her work as co-founder of Hull-House, ________ was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

Functionalists refer to how parts of a society fit together to form a whole as ________.

Karl Marx believed that was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that was the force most responsible for social change.

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were , , and .

The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the and the .

Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) and John would be seen as a(n) .

The two sociologists who referred to society as being a kind of living organism were _ and __.