Question 1

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,an individual in the _____ level of moral development recognizes alternative moral courses,explores the options,and then develops an increasingly personal moral code.

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level of moral development, also known as the principled level, is characterized by the development of a personal moral code. Individuals in this level recognize alternative moral courses, weigh the pros and cons of each, and then develop their own moral standards based on ethical principles such as justice, dignity, and equality. This level is often achieved in adulthood and is not universally attained by all individuals.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true of pubertal changes in human beings?

Accepted Answer

Androgen is a male sex hormone responsible for the development of physical characteristics such as genitals, increase in height, and voice change during puberty.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood, meaning that adolescents may still struggle with impulse control, decision-making, and planning abilities. The amygdala, responsible for processing emotions, is actually hyperactive during adolescence, leading to an increase in emotional reactions. While the brain does experience some developmental disjunction during adolescence, this actually accounts for increased risk-taking behavior rather than reduced. Therefore, option C is the only true statement.

Question 4

The main class of male sex hormones is:

Accepted Answer

The main class of male sex hormones are androgens, such as testosterone. Estrogens are the main female sex hormones, while estradiol is a specific type of estrogen. Cortisol is a stress hormone, not a sex hormone.

Question 5

Tanya,a fourteen-year-old girl,thinks that she is unique and assumes that others at school notice everything about her.She is very confident and takes extra care of her looks.In this scenario,Tanya is exhibiting adolescent _____.

Accepted Answer

Tanya is exhibiting egocentrism, which is a common trait during adolescence where individuals become overly focused on themselves and assume that others are paying close attention to them. This can lead to a heightened sense of self-importance and a belief that they are unique or special compared to others.

Question 6

Which of the following regions of the brain is concerned with emotions?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a region of the brain known to be involved in the processing of emotions, particularly fear and aggression. The prefrontal cortex is more heavily involved in decision-making and impulse control. The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for visual processing, and the medulla oblongata is involved in autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 7

Adolescents may lack the cognitive skills to control their impulses effectively because of the relatively slow development of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for executive functions such as impulse control, decision-making, and planning. Its development is not complete until early adulthood, which may explain why adolescents may struggle with controlling their impulses effectively. The other options (B, C, and D) are not directly related to impulse control.

Question 8

Katie bought a few t-shirts from a garage sale.While purchasing them,she tried her best to bargain as she knew the seller was charging her a higher price for every t-shirt compared to the others.After reaching home,she found that there was an extra T-shirt in her bag for which she did not pay.As her mother had taught her to return things that did not belong to her,Katie went back to the store and returned the extra T-shirt.According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,Katie belongs to the _____ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Katie returning the extra T-shirt out of a sense of duty and obligation to follow societal norms and rules indicates that she is operating at the conventional level of moral development according to Kohlberg's theory. The preconventional level is characterized by a self-centered focus on avoiding punishment or seeking rewards, while the concrete level involves following rules and respecting authority figures. The preoperational level is focused on egocentric reasoning and limited understanding of how others perceive situations.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of Carol Gilligan's care perspective?

Accepted Answer

Carol Gilligan's care perspective views people in terms of their connectedness with others. This perspective emphasizes the importance of relationships and empathy in moral reasoning and judgment, particularly for women who may prioritize caring for others over strictly adhering to abstract principles or rules. This perspective is sometimes contrasted with traditional justice perspectives, which focus on the rights of the individual and prioritizing impartiality and fairness in moral decision-making.

Question 10

A child decides to steal a pen from a neighborhood store in order to be accepted into a group.The child reasons that his stealing behavior is acceptable,because it is what his friends expect of him.According to Kohlberg,this child is operating at the _____ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

The child in the scenario is reasoning based on what is expected of him by his friends, indicating that he is operating at the conventional level of moral development according to Kohlberg's theory. At this level, individuals obey rules and conform to the expectations of society and those around them.

Question 11

Which of the following statements best describes moral reasoning at the postconventional level?

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level of moral reasoning is characterized by a focus on abstract principles of justice and ethics, rather than simply following rules or social norms. Option A reflects the individual's reasoning based on the principle that saving a life is more important than following the law, even if breaking the law is necessary to achieve that end.

Question 12

Jeanette is a teenager who is very different from her parents.She follows her own styles and mannerisms that emphasize her uniqueness.According to Erikson,Jeanette is attempting to establish a(n):

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the stage of adolescence is focused on identity exploration and the establishment of a unique sense of self. Jeanette's emphasis on her own styles and mannerisms suggests that she is in this stage and attempting to establish her own identity. Intimacy, generativity, and integrity are stages that come later in life.

Question 13

The period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that takes place at the beginning of adolescence is called:

Accepted Answer

Puberty is the period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that takes place at the beginning of adolescence. Sex typing refers to the process by which children learn the behaviors and attitudes that are considered appropriate for their gender, while gender identification is the recognition of oneself as male or female. Menarche refers specifically to the onset of menstruation in females.

Question 14

Recent research on prosocial behavior in children has found that:

Accepted Answer

Recent research has found that a supportive parenting style is related to an increase in prosocial behavior among children. For example, parents who provide emotional support and warmth, while also setting clear limits and expectations, have children who are more likely to exhibit prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping, and cooperating with others. The other options, A, B, and C, are all incorrect; research has demonstrated that children are drawn to and admire individuals who engage in prosocial behavior, that children are capable of developing prosocial behaviors through interventions, and that empathy and self-control are intertwined and necessary components of prosocial behavior.

Question 15

According to Erikson,who among the following people is expressing identity confusion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Erikson,who among the following people...

Question 16

Which of the following regions of the brain is concerned with reasoning and decision making?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for processes related to decision making, planning, and reasoning. It is located in the front part of the brain, just behind the forehead. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions and fear responses. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information, and the medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling basic automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 17

Larry and Carol are tested twice on moral reasoning.When Kohlberg's measures are used,Carol gets a lower score than Larry.When Gilligan's approach is used,both individuals score at the same level.Which of the following is likely to be a reason for this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory is based on a justice perspective where individuals make moral decisions based on principles of fairness and justice, whereas Gilligan's theory is based on a care perspective, where decisions are based on concerns for others and relationships. Therefore, it is possible that Carol scored lower on Kohlberg's measure because her moral reasoning is based on a care perspective, which is not as valued in the justice perspective. On the other hand, both individuals may score similarly on Gilligan's measure because it emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships. Thus, the discrepancy in scores between the two measures can be explained by the fact that they are based on different moral perspectives.

Question 18

Puberty marks the onset of:

Accepted Answer

Puberty marks the onset of adolescence, which is a period of physical, psychological, and social development that begins with the onset of puberty and ends when individuals make the transition into early adulthood. During this time, individuals experience significant changes in their bodies, emotions, and relationships with others, as they begin to take on more adult roles and responsibilities.

Question 19

Patrick saw his friend shoplifting.He is supposed to report a crime when he witnesses one.Since he regards his friendship as more valuable,he decides not to report his friend.According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,Patrick belongs to the _____ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patrick saw his friend shoplifting.He is supposed...

Question 20

Juliet refuses to go to the dance because she has a pimple on her chin.She fears that everyone will talk about it behind her back.Her behavior illustrates:

Accepted Answer

Juliet's fear that everyone will talk about her pimple behind her back reveals her belief that she is the center of attention and that others are thinking about her as much as she is thinking about herself. This is an example of adolescent egocentrism, where adolescents often have an inflated sense of self-importance and believe that others are always thinking about them.

Quiz 9: Human Development