Question 1

Will believes that most modern men prefer young and healthy female partners because this preference increases the likelihood of the survival of our genetic ancestors.Which psychological approach does Will believe in?
A)social
B)evolutionary
C)functionalist
D)cognitive

Accepted Answer

Will's belief in the preference for young and healthy female partners aligns with the evolutionary perspective, which emphasizes the role of adaptive behaviors and natural selection in shaping human behavior. This perspective suggests that behaviors such as mate selection serve an evolutionary purpose in promoting the survival and reproduction of our genetic ancestors.

Question 2

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in
A)the contribution of unconscious memories to one's emotional experience.
B)the basic nature of an emotional feeling or experience.
C)how emotions aid one's adaptation to the environment.
D)one's subjective interpretation of one's emotions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With respect to the psychology of emotion,...

Question 3

Paul researches how cooperation in humans increases our ability to survive and successfully raise children.Paul uses an) approach in his research.
A)structuralist
B)functionalist
C)evolutionary
D)cognitive

Accepted Answer

Paul is researching how cooperation in humans increases our ability to survive and successfully raise children which is related to evolutionary psychology approach that focuses on how evolution and natural selection have influenced human behavior and mental processes.

Question 4

Dr.Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to isolate the fundamental attributes of mental experience.Dr.Leleux appears most sympathetic to the school of thought in psychology.
A)structuralist
B)behaviorist
C)functionalist
D)Gestalt

Accepted Answer

Dr. Leleux's assertion of isolating fundamental attributes of mental experience aligns with the beliefs of structuralists who believed that the mind could be broken down into its basic components or structures through introspection. Structuralists aimed to identify and study the fundamental elements of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images.

Question 5

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the Gestalt school of thought?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)B.F.Skinner
C)Wolfgang Köhler
D)William James

Accepted Answer

Köhler was one of the founders of the Gestalt psychology movement, which emphasized the importance of studying the whole of an experience, rather than breaking it down into its component parts. This approach challenged the structuralist and behaviorist schools of thought that were dominant at the time. Freud is associated with psychoanalysis, Skinner with behaviorism, and James with functionalism.

Question 6

A functionalist approach to classroom education might include
A)designing activities to help a child adapt to environmental demands.
B)breaking down complicated tasks into their basic underlying elements.
C)determining teaching methods based on a child's unconscious desires.
D)developing reward and punishment programs and token economies.

Accepted Answer

A functionalist approach to classroom education focuses on teaching students the skills they need to adapt and function in their environment. This approach emphasizes breaking down complex tasks into simpler steps, and providing students with opportunities to practice and reinforce those skills. It also involves designing activities and interventions that are tailored to each student's individual needs and strengths, in order to help them achieve their fullest potential. Overall, a functionalist approach emphasizes the importance of teaching practical skills that will help students succeed in their academic, personal, and professional lives.

Question 7

Marty is an artist.He does not like when people talk about the separate parts of his pictures because he believes that looking at the complete picture is most important.Marty's opinion is similar to the approach.
A)structuralist
B)behaviorist
C)Gestalt
D)psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

Marty's opinion is similar to the Gestalt approach, which emphasizes the importance of looking at the whole picture or overall perception rather than breaking it down into individual parts. Gestalt psychology focuses on how people perceive and experience objects and events as a whole, rather than as a collection of individual bits of information.

Question 8

Gestalt psychology is LEAST relevant to our understanding of which of the following topics?
A)subjective experience
B)human personality
C)visual perception
D)cellular neuroscience

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology focuses on the perception of whole patterns rather than individual parts, and how our brains organize and interpret sensory information. It is not directly related to cellular neuroscience, which is focused on the inner workings of cells in the brain and nervous system.

Question 9

Mary and Brian see a machine on the television program American Inventor.Mary wants to know what parts make up the machine, but Brian wants to know its purpose.Mary's approach is most similar to the school of psychology, while Brian's approach is most similar to the school of psychology.
A)structuralist; functionalist
B)functionalist; structuralist
C)Gestalt; psychoanalytic
D)psychoanalytic; Gestalt

Accepted Answer

Mary's approach of wanting to break down the machine into its component parts is similar to the structuralist school of psychology, which focused on breaking down mental processes into their basic components. Meanwhile, Brian's approach of wanting to understand the purpose or function of the machine aligns more with the functionalist school of psychology, which looked at how mental processes serve adaptive purposes in an organism's environment.

Question 10

Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought in psychology.
A)functionalist
B)humanistic
C)structuralist
D)psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

The functionalist school of thought in psychology, which emphasized the adaptive functions of behavior and the importance of natural selection in shaping behavior, was directly influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution as presented in On the Origin of Species.

Question 11

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of structuralism?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)B.F.Skinner
C)Edward Titchener
D)William James

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was a school of psychology that emphasized the examination of the structures of conscious experience. Edward Titchener is considered the founder of structuralism and was the primary proponent of this approach.

Question 12

According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to
A)uncover the unconscious determinants of behavior.
B)focus on observable behavior itself.
C)identify the elements of conscious experience.
D)identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes.

Accepted Answer

Structuralists believed that the goal of psychology is to identify the basic elements or structures that make up conscious mental experiences, such as sensations, feelings, and perceptions. They believed that by breaking down these experiences into their component parts, they could better understand the workings of the mind.

Question 13

According to the concept of survival of the fittest,
A)random mutations are always adaptive.
B)only the biggest animals will survive.
C)organisms that are most adaptive to their environments are most likely to survive.
D)organisms that can spontaneously mutate their genes in response to the environment are most likely to survive.

Accepted Answer

The concept of survival of the fittest states that organisms that are most adaptive to their environments are most likely to survive. This means that the organisms that are best suited to their environment, whether through physical traits or behavioral adaptations, are more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. Random mutations may or may not be adaptive, and size is not necessarily a determining factor in survival. The ability to spontaneously mutate genes in response to the environment is also not necessarily a characteristic of fitness.

Question 14

The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking this exam exemplifies psychologist William James's concept of
A)sea of ideas.
B)ports of call.
C)river of thoughts.
D)stream of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

William James's concept of the stream of consciousness refers to the idea that our thoughts constantly flow and change, even as we focus on a particular task. This is exemplified by the fact that various thoughts come to mind during the exam, even as the task at hand is to answer questions.

Question 15

The school of Gestalt
A)is based on the idea that the whole is different than the sum of its parts.
B)includes the role of environment on behavior.
C)examines how social situations influence behavior.
D)is based on scientifically researched forms of therapy.

Accepted Answer

The school of Gestalt is based on the concept that the whole is different from the sum of its parts. This means that the whole or the complete experience is more important than individual parts or elements. The school of Gestalt mainly focuses on human perception and how it influences behavior. It is not primarily concerned with environment, social situations, or scientifically researched forms of therapy.

Question 16

Gestalt psychology is best seen as a reaction against the approach.
A)functionalist
B)humanistic
C)psychoanalytic
D)structuralist

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology developed in opposition to structuralism, which analyzed mental processes in terms of their component parts. Gestalt psychologists believed that psychological processes could not be understood by breaking them down into smaller parts, but rather had to be viewed as holistic and integrated wholes.

Question 17

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of functionalism?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)B.F.Skinner
C)Wilhelm Wundt
D)William James

Accepted Answer

William James is most closely associated with the school of functionalism, which emphasizes the adaptation of organisms to their environment and the purpose of psychological processes.

Question 18

Lucinda is afraid of dogs.Her psychologist, Dr.Lee, believes her fear is part of an adaptive response that has helped our species survive.Which psychological approach does Dr.Lee follow?
A)psychoanalysis
B)behaviorism
C)social
D)evolutionary

Accepted Answer

Dr. Lee's belief that Lucinda's fear of dogs is part of an adaptive response that has helped our species survive suggests an evolutionary approach. Evolutionary psychology emphasizes the ways in which psychological processes are adaptive and have helped humans to survive and reproduce over time.

Question 19

The idea that the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution is the viewpoint of
A)structuralism.
B)functionalism.
C)behaviorism.
D)psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

The viewpoint that the mind evolved over time to serve specific functions is the central tenet of functionalism. Structuralism was more concerned with identifying the basic components or "structure" of consciousness, behaviorism focused on observable behavior rather than mental processes, and psychoanalysis focused on the role of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.

Question 20

Structuralism has been criticized because it
A)did not include elements of the nature/nurture debate.
B)could not produce quantitative measurements of behavior.
C)focused on specific elements of the mind rather than on its overall usefulness.
D)did not take into account the way children process information.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focused heavily on breaking down and analyzing individual elements of the mind, such as sensations and perceptions, without necessarily considering how they all work together to serve a larger function. This narrow focus led to criticism that it overlooked the overall usefulness of the mind and its cognitive processes. The other options do not accurately reflect major criticisms of structuralism.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology

Will believes that most modern men prefer young and healthy female partners because this preference increases the likelihood of the survival of our genetic ancestors.Which psychological approach does Will believe in?

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in

Paul researches how cooperation in humans increases our ability to survive and successfully raise children.Paul uses an) approach in his research.

Dr.Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to isolate the fundamental attributes of mental experience.Dr.Leleux appears most sympathetic to the school of thought in psychology.

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the Gestalt school of thought?

A functionalist approach to classroom education might include

Marty is an artist.He does not like when people talk about the separate parts of his pictures because he believes that looking at the complete picture is most important.Marty's opinion is similar to the approach.

Gestalt psychology is LEAST relevant to our understanding of which of the following topics?

Mary and Brian see a machine on the television program American Inventor.Mary wants to know what parts make up the machine, but Brian wants to know its purpose.Mary's approach is most similar to the school of psychology, while Brian's approach is most similar to the school of psychology.

Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought in psychology.

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of structuralism?

According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to

According to the concept of survival of the fittest,

The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking this exam exemplifies psychologist William James's concept of

The school of Gestalt

Gestalt psychology is best seen as a reaction against the approach.

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of functionalism?

Lucinda is afraid of dogs.Her psychologist, Dr.Lee, believes her fear is part of an adaptive response that has helped our species survive.Which psychological approach does Dr.Lee follow?

The idea that the mind came into existence over the course of human evolution is the viewpoint of

Structuralism has been criticized because it