Question 1

Who is most likely at risk for heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with Type A personality traits such as being competitive, impatient, and high-strung, are at a higher risk of developing heart disease. Type B personality traits such as being relaxed and easy-going are considered to be protective against heart disease.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a physiological effect of stress on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Stress can cause blood vessels to constrict, reducing their ability to dilate, which decreases blood flow and can increase the risk of heart-related issues.

Question 3

Which of the following is an important determinant of cardiovascular disorders?

Accepted Answer

Hostile personality pattern is linked to increased stress and inflammation, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disorders.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the research on the Type A and B behavior patterns and heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that both men and women with the Type A behavior pattern are more likely to develop heart disease compared to those with the Type B behavior pattern. This link has been observed in multiple studies over the years.

Question 5

Farhan has had to deal with repeated amounts of high stress.His parents both have chronic diseases and his new job demands a lot of his time.According to research on the effects of stress, Farhan will

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that chronic stress can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases. The other choices are not supported by research on the effects of stress.

Question 6

The more negative emotions someone experiences, the greater is the chance of developing

Accepted Answer

Research has shown a strong link between chronic negative emotions, such as chronic stress or anxiety, and the development of heart disease. Antibodies are produced by the immune system to fight off infections, and eustress refers to positive stress that can motivate and energize individuals. There is no direct link between negative emotions and the development of glandular cancer.

Question 7

Who is most likely to be in the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome model?

Accepted Answer

The alarm stage is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome model and it is characterized by the body's initial response to a stressor, including activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of stress hormones like cortisol. Since a recent infection would be a new stressor, Solomon is most likely in the alarm stage.

Question 8

The human immune system is made up of specialized white blood cells known as lymphocytes, which help to maintain physical health and well-being.Of those, B cells are known to , whereas T cells are known to .

Accepted Answer

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which can recognize and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria or viruses. T cells, on the other hand, can directly attack foreign cells and also help to coordinate the immune response.

Question 9

Comparing the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome model, you know that defenses are maximized during the stage.

Accepted Answer

The resistance stage is characterized by the body's attempt to adapt and cope with the stressor. During this stage, the body's defenses are maximized in an effort to maintain homeostasis and fight the stressor. In contrast, the alarm stage is the immediate response to the stressor, and the exhaustion stage represents the depletion of resources and eventual breakdown of the body's defenses if the stressor persists. The pituitary gland is not a stage of the general adaptation syndrome model, but rather an endocrine gland that plays a role in regulating stress response.

Question 10

Melinda just got a new job as a receptionist, and she does not expect it to be very stressful.However, she is nervous about learning how to perform well in the job when she first starts working.This kind of stress is and may result in .

Accepted Answer

Short-term stress, like the anxiety Melinda feels about starting a new job and wanting to perform well, can actually boost immune functioning. This type of stress is often seen as a motivator, helping individuals to focus and perform better in challenging situations.

Question 11

Harold has been unemployed for many years and is constantly struggling to pay his bills.The stress Harold is experiencing is an example of

Accepted Answer

Harold's long-term unemployment and ongoing financial struggles suggest he is experiencing chronic stress, which can have harmful effects on physical and mental health. A major life event such as job loss can also be a stressor, but the ongoing nature of Harold's situation points more strongly to chronic stress. Eustress refers to a positive form of stress, such as the excitement one may feel before a big event, and acute stress is short-term stress in response to a specific event or situation.

Question 12

People who live in St.Petersburg recently experienced flooding of their homes and hail damage during a particularly bad storm.People in Miami did not experience this storm.Who will have better immune functioning, and why?

Accepted Answer

People in Miami will have better immune functioning because they did not experience the negative event, which can cause stress that negatively impacts immune functioning.

Question 13

A general conclusion growing out of the research on health and stress is that

Accepted Answer

The statement "chronic stress has adverse effects on health" is a general conclusion supported by research on health and stress. This conclusion is supported by studies that have linked chronic stress to a variety of negative health outcomes, including increased risk for heart disease, depression, and decreased immune system functioning.

Question 14

Dr.Sickle is assessing a patient's risk for heart disease.She knows that the patient has genetic relatives who have heart disease, and that the patient doesn't smoke and exercises regularly.What else should Dr.Sickle ask the patient about?

Accepted Answer

Type A personality has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, so it would be helpful for Dr. Sickle to inquire about this trait in the patient. B and C are not relevant to assessing heart disease risk. D, while important for overall health, is not specifically related to heart disease risk assessment.

Question 15

Gustoff has begun to succumb to his illness and is no longer able to cope constructively with its stressors.According to Selye, he is in the stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, the three stages of the body's response to stress are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. In the exhaustion stage, the body's resources are depleted, and it cannot cope with the stressor effectively. Gustoff's inability to cope constructively with his illness suggests that he has reached the exhaustion stage. The pituitary is not a stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome but rather a gland that plays a role in regulating the body's response to stress.

Question 16

In distinguishing the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome model from the exhaustion stage, you know that in the alarm stage , whereas in the exhaustion stage .

Accepted Answer

In the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome model, the body activates physiological responses aimed at boosting physical abilities to fight or flee from stressors. In contrast, during the exhaustion stage, the body's resources are depleted, leading to a failure of the immune system.

Question 17

Sophia has a disorder in which her body is unable to produce a particular type of lymphocyte known as natural killer cells.This means that Sophia's body will have trouble

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells are specifically responsible for attacking viruses and tumors. Without them, Sophia's body may have difficulty eliminating these types of cells that can harm her health.

Question 18

Immune functioning and the experience of positive events have been shown to

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that positive experiences and emotions are associated with stronger immune functioning, indicating a positive correlation between the two.

Question 19

With regard to the risk of heart disease, you know that the rate

Accepted Answer

Studies consistently show that men have a higher rate of heart disease than women. This may be partially attributed to protective effects of female hormones, but lifestyle factors also play a role.

Question 20

If you would like to minimize the negative effects of stress in your life, which of the following jobs would you most want to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Air traffic controllers have a highly stressful job that requires intense focus and decision-making abilities. The consequences of making a mistake can be catastrophic, which adds to the stress levels of the job. Avoiding this job if you are looking to minimize the negative effects of stress in your life would be a wise decision.

Quiz 11: Health and Wellbeing