Question 1

Marianne contributes a part of her income to a non-profit organization for homeless children and spends her free time teaching them.According to the five-factor model of personality,this aspect best reflects the trait of _____.

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness is a trait in the five-factor model of personality that refers to an individual's tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, and empathetic towards others. Marianne's behavior of contributing to a non-profit organization and spending time teaching homeless children reflects her agreeable nature. It shows that she is compassionate towards those in need and is willing to do something to help them.

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes the process of factor analysis in the identification of personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is a statistical technique that identifies which traits tend to co-occur or cluster together based on how they are rated or measured. This process helps to identify the underlying dimensions or factors that shape personality. Therefore, option C accurately describes the process of factor analysis in the identification of personality traits. The other options are incorrect:

A) Factor analysis creates operational definitions of observed personality traits. This is incorrect because operational definitions are created through careful definition and specification of the concepts that researchers want to study, and these definitions are not specific to factor analysis.

B) Factor analysis does not typically involve the use of ambiguous stimuli, so this option is incorrect.

D) Projective tests are not typically used in conjunction with factor analysis, as this technique is designed to identify patterns in observable personality data rather than identify hidden or unconscious personality traits.

Question 3

Which of the following is a criticism of the trait theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

Trait theories of personality focus only on stable, cross-situational personality traits, ignoring the importance of situational factors in determining behavior. This criticism is particularly relevant to early trait theories, such as the work of Gordon Allport, who proposed that personality traits are relatively fixed and enduring over time despite situational changes.

Question 4

Which of the following individuals is most likely to obtain a high score on the openness trait of the big five factors of personality?

Accepted Answer

The openness trait is characterized by an individual's level of imagination, creativity, and appreciation for new experiences. Beverly, who loves experimenting with life, is most likely to score high on this trait compared to the other options provided.

Question 5

Demi is moody and always grumbles about minor issues in life.According to the five-factor model of personality,Demi is most likely highest on _____.

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model of personality (also known as the Big Five) includes five broad traits: conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Demi's tendency to be moody and grumble about minor issues suggests a high level of neuroticism, which is characterized by emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.

Question 6

Octavia enjoys being around others and is well-known for her social graces.She is warm and engaging with everyone she meets regardless of whether the setting is the classroom,her workplace,a restaurant,or her own home.Since Octavia has a fairly stable way of relating to other people,it is most likely that her behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Octavia's behavior is described as a consistent pattern of being warm and engaging with everyone she meets, regardless of the setting. This suggests that her behavior is a manifestation of a personality trait, rather than being dependent on the situation or her superego.

Question 7

Melvin is an ambitious employee who is striving hard to attain the position of a manager.He takes initiative,takes on more work than he can handle,and works longer hours than anyone else in his office.According to Murray's personological approach,Melvin's ambition is most reflective of the need for _____.

Accepted Answer

Murray's personological approach identifies three needs in people: the need for achievement, the need for power, and the need for intimacy. Melvin's behavior of taking initiative, taking on more work, and working longer hours than anyone else in his office reflects the need for achievement. The need for affiliation is the desire to be accepted and liked by others, displacement is a defense mechanism, and openness is a trait in the Five-factor model of personality.

Question 8

Personology refers to:

Accepted Answer

Personology refers to the study of the whole person, taking into account various aspects of their personality, such as temperament, traits, behaviors, and social and cultural influences. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual's personality, rather than focusing on specific traits or aspects of their behavior.

Question 9

According to the five-factor model of personality,a person who is incAPAble of being calm and satisfied with oneself or others is likely to be high on _____.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism refers to the tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anxiety or sadness, and to be easily stressed or overwhelmed. Therefore, a person who is incapable of being calm and satisfied with oneself or others is likely to be high on neuroticism.

Question 10

Gerard,a criminal profiler,intends to create a psychological profile of a well-known terrorist.The profile will contain the history of the terrorist,including the psychological,physical,and sociological aspects of the terrorist's life.Which of the following perspectives of personality does Gerard's study most conform to?

Accepted Answer

The personological perspective focuses on understanding an individual's unique pattern of traits, characteristics, and behaviors. By creating a detailed psychological profile of the terrorist, Gerard is attempting to understand and analyze their individual patterns of behavior and personality traits. The other perspectives (biological, organizational, and humanistic) do not focus on creating detailed profiles of individuals.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true of conscientiousness as one of the big five factors of personality?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness has been linked to many positive outcomes such as higher grade-point averages and better work performance. It is also associated with dressing neatly as individuals who are high in conscientiousness often take pride in their appearance. However, there is no evidence to suggest that conscientiousness is related to lower levels of religious faith.

Question 12

Holly is independent,imaginative,and interested in trying all kinds of new activities and routines.According to the five-factor model of personality,Holly is most likely high on _____.

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model of personality includes five dimensions: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Holly's traits of being independent, imaginative, and interested in trying new activities suggest that she is high on openness to experience.

Question 13

Joel is determined to win the inter-school debate competition.He has been preparing hard and long and he refuses to help other contestants with their preparation.He wants to be known as the best debater in his school.In the context of Henry Murray's personological approach,Joel is demonstrating a high need for _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Murray's personological approach, the need for Power refers to the desire to control and influence others, to be in charge, and to attain social status and prestige. Joel's refusal to help other contestants and his determination to win the competition suggests that he is motivated by a high need for power.

Question 14

Which of the following psychologists coined the word personology?

Accepted Answer

Henry Murray is credited with coining the term "personology" in his book "Explorations in Personality" published in 1938.

Question 15

Jude is constantly worried.He avoids meeting new people and avoids new situations.He gets anxious if his routine is disturbed and indulges in self-pity.According to the five-factor model of personality,Jude is most likely high on _____.

Accepted Answer

The five-factor model of personality suggests five broad dimensions of personality- openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. People who score high on neuroticism tend to be anxious, worried and insecure. Jude's behavior of avoiding new situations, getting anxious if his routine is disturbed and indulging in self-pity indicate that he is high on neuroticism.

Question 16

According to the five-factor model of personality,a person who is generous and altruistic is most likely high on:

Accepted Answer

The trait of agreeableness reflects a person's tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, and empathetic towards others. Generosity and altruism are behaviors that are associated with this trait, making D the correct choice.

Question 17

In the five-factor model of personality,_____ is most closely related to liberal values,tolerance,and creativity.

Accepted Answer

Openness to experience is the factor in the five-factor model of personality that is most closely associated with liberal values, tolerance, and creativity. People who score high on this factor tend to be imaginative, curious, artistic, and unconventional in their beliefs and behaviors. They are open to new experiences and ideas, and are often more accepting of diversity and change than people who score lower on this factor. This trait is often seen as a key predictor of creativity, and is associated with a wide range of positive outcomes, including higher levels of education, more eclectic tastes, and greater political and social engagement.

Question 18

Chris is a bass guitarist in a popular band and enjoys performing on stage.He has a lot of friends and loves to socialize when he is not performing.His home is where all the parties take place and he loves being the center of attention.According to the five-factor model of personality,Chris's specific traits are most reflective of _____.

Accepted Answer

Chris's love for parties and being the center of attention reflects high levels of extraversion, which is one of the traits in the five-factor model of personality. Option A (altruism) is unrelated to the given information, while option B (conscientiousness) and option D (neuroticism) do not seem to be the most applicable traits for Chris's personality.

Question 19

According to the five-factor model of personality,which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by emotional instability, anxiety, moodiness, irritability, and sadness. Individuals with low neuroticism tend to be more emotionally stable and are often self-satisfied, as they experience fewer negative emotions.

Question 20

According to the five-factor model of personality,a person who is reserved and somber is most likely to be _____.

Accepted Answer

The trait of being reserved and somber is associated with introversion, which is opposite to extraversion. Therefore, a person who exhibits these traits is likely to be low on extraversion.

Quiz 12: Personality