Question 1

Which of the following accurately reflects linkages between SES, race, and health?

Accepted Answer

All of the options accurately reflect linkages between SES, race, and health. Institutionalized discrimination can lead to limited opportunities for upward social mobility and access to resources that promote health. Stress from racial discrimination can negatively impact overall health and well-being. Low SES ethnic minorities may have shortened lifespans due to increased exposure to stressors resulting from social stratification.

Question 2

A Latino male concerned with harmonious family relationships and balance between work and family can best be categorized under what time of machismo?

Accepted Answer

Contemporary machismo is characterized by a concern for harmonious family relationships and balance between work and family.

Question 3

_______ is/are related to self-esteem through _________, which are a set of beliefs and emotional responses related to race that individuals are socialized to during their development.

Accepted Answer

Racial identity is related to self-esteem through racial identity schemas, which are beliefs and emotional responses related to one's racial group that individuals develop over time. This includes how they view themselves, how they believe others view them, and how they navigate their racial identity in different social situations.

Question 4

Which of the following are valid evaluations of Cross's original model of nigresence?

Accepted Answer

All of the given options are valid evaluations of Cross's original model of nigresence. The proposed stages may be too rigid and simplify a more complex process of racial identity development. Additionally, the internalization and internalization-commitment stages are often seen as indistinguishable and may need further differentiation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the difference between sexual identity and gender identity?

Accepted Answer

Gender identity is an individual's sense of being male or female, whereas sexual identity refers to an individual's sexual, emotional, and erotic attractions. Gender identity relates to an individual's personal and internal sense of being male, female, or something else, while sexual identity relates to whom an individual is attracted to and how they express that attraction. They are two distinct concepts that can exist independently of each other.

Question 6

Which of the following biracial identity phases is NOT outlined by Collins 2000)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following biracial identity phases...

Question 7

Which of the following cultural factors is NOT a complication in the coming out process for Asian Americans?

Accepted Answer

Low context communication is not a cultural factor that is typically a complication in the coming out process for Asian Americans. Low context communication refers to a communication style in which most of the meaning is conveyed through the words used rather than through nonverbal cues or context. While communication styles may differ among different Asian American cultures, low context communication is not a specific cultural factor that poses a challenge to coming out. In contrast, distinctions between private vs. public selves, familial obligation, and loss of face are all cultural factors that can complicate the coming out process for Asian Americans.

Question 8

_________ are typically negative racial and gender representations used to subordinate minority groups.

Accepted Answer

Controlling images are stereotypes and negative portrayals of minority groups that serve to maintain their inferior status in society. These images are often used to justify discriminatory policies and practices, and to reinforce the dominant group's power and privilege. Examples include the "angry black woman" and the "model minority" myth about Asian Americans.

Question 9

Multiracial individuals often face the challenge of finding someone who can help them with their identity search.This presents what type of complication that may hinder their multiracial identity development?

Accepted Answer

Multiracial individuals may struggle with finding role models who share their unique racial and cultural identity, which can hinder their multiracial identity development. This is particularly true for those who live in communities where there are very few other multiracial individuals. The lack of role models can make it difficult for multiracial individuals to feel a sense of belonging and to fully embrace their multiracial identity.

Question 10

Which of the following examples do NOT reflect objective social status?

Accepted Answer

Perceived social status is subjective because it is based on people's perceptions and judgments of others' status, rather than on objective criteria such as income, education level, or occupation.

Question 11

In which of Cross's stages of racial identity formation does an individual accept his/her racial identity on an emotional and intellectual level?

Accepted Answer

In Cross's stages of racial identity formation, the internalization stage is where an individual comes to accept their racial identity on an emotional and intellectual level. This follows the previous stages of pre-encounter (where the individual may not have consciously considered their racial identity), encounter (where they become aware of racial issues and discrimination), and immersion-emersion (where they may struggle with their identity and try to separate from dominant culture). The internalization stage is where the individual reaches a more stable sense of identity and acceptance of their racial background.

Question 12

Which of the following may lead to poor self-esteem?
I.Minority status
II.Racial stigmatization
III.Strong ethnic identity

Accepted Answer

Both minority status and racial stigmatization can lead to poor self-esteem, as individuals may face discrimination and negative stereotypes from dominant groups. However, a strong ethnic identity may actually enhance self-esteem, as it allows individuals to feel connected to their culture and community. Therefore, option C (I and II only) is the best choice.

Question 13

Multiracial experiences cannot be fully elucidated based on current models of racial identity because ________.

Accepted Answer

Current models of racial identity are based on monoracial experiences and do not account for the unique experiences of multiracial individuals.

Question 14

Which of the following statements BEST reflects identity formation and identity integration?

Accepted Answer

Identity formation is the process of developing one's personal identity, which precedes identity integration, where an individual accepts and integrates this identity into their self-concept.

Question 15

Practicing and learning about one's own cultural traditions and holidays, and talking to family and community members about one's own heritage assists in the _______ aspect of ethnic identity.

Accepted Answer

Practicing and learning about one's own cultural traditions and holidays is part of the exploration process in developing ethnic identity. This involves gaining a deeper understanding and exploring the traditions, values, and beliefs of one's own culture.

Question 16

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect intersecting identities?

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect because intersecting identities are found in all populations, including ethnic minority groups. In fact, ethnic minority groups may have more complex and diverse identities due to factors such as immigration or colonization histories.

Question 17

Depending on a number of factors, a person of Chinese descent might identify him/herself as Chinese American, Asian American, Asian Pacific Islander, or Chinese.This provides a problem in which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

The concept of self-categorization and labeling relates to how individuals choose to identify themselves based on various factors such as race, ethnicity, nationality, and cultural background. In this scenario, the person of Chinese descent has multiple options for self-identification, which highlights the complexity of this concept.

Question 18

Which of the following statements BEST reflects "sexual identity?"

Accepted Answer

Sexual identity encompasses a broad spectrum of sexual, emotional, and erotic attractions that individuals may experience, reflecting the diversity of human sexuality.

Question 19

Which of the following statements BEST reflects "gender typing?"

Accepted Answer

Gender typing refers to the process of learning behaviors, interests, and abilities associated with being masculine or feminine. This process is influenced by social and cultural factors and shapes an individual's gender identity and expression. It is different from an individual's biological sex, which refers to the physical characteristics that define male or female anatomy. Gender typing is also different from the process of identifying oneself with being masculine or feminine, which relates more to gender identity than gender expression. The statement about contradictory feelings of being male or female refers to gender dysphoria, which is not related to gender typing.

Question 20

_________ is the process of learning about socially constructed racial hierarchies and categories.

Accepted Answer

Racial socialization is the process through which individuals learn about the social meanings of racial categories and hierarchies, often through family, community, and societal interactions.

Quiz 5: Intersecting Identities