Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the CSF?

Accepted Answer

The CSF does not initiate nerve impulses, but rather facilitates their transmission by providing a fluid medium for the neural tissue.

Question 2

Important nuclei of the indirect (multineuronal)system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the ________.

Accepted Answer

The nuclei that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the vestibular nuclei. The red nuclei are involved in motor coordination, the reticular nuclei are involved in arousal and attention, and the superior colliculi are involved in visual processing and directing eye movements.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The primary (somatic) motor cortex is responsible for voluntary muscle control, but reflexive contractions are controlled by the spinal cord and brainstem. Therefore, damage to the primary motor cortex would result in the loss of voluntary muscle control, but reflexes would still be intact.

Question 4

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

Accepted Answer

The lateral sulcus, also known as the Sylvian fissure, separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. The longitudinal fissure and central sulcus separate the cerebral hemispheres and the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, respectively, while the cranial fossa is a depression in the skull that houses the brain.

Question 5

Which of these would you NOT find in the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Fiber tracts are not found within the cerebral cortex but rather are located deeper in the brain as part of the white matter. The cerebral cortex primarily consists of cell bodies, dendrites, and interneurons.

Question 6

Which category of memory is involved when playing the piano?

Accepted Answer

Playing the piano involves procedural memory, which is a type of long-term memory that stores information about how to perform various motor tasks, such as playing an instrument or riding a bike. This memory is often implicit, meaning it operates unconsciously and does not require intentional recall.

Question 7

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Association involves connecting new information with pre-existing knowledge and memories. Automatic memory refers to memory that is retrieved unconsciously and without effort, rehearsal is the process of repeating information to encode it into memory, and long-term memory refers to the storage of information for an extended period of time.

Question 8

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect,cognition,recall,and personality?

Accepted Answer

The prefrontal cortex (anterior association area) is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality. It is responsible for executive functions such as decision-making, goal-setting, and planning. It also plays a role in emotional regulation and social behavior.

Question 9

The white matter of the spinal cord contains ________.

Accepted Answer

The white matter of the spinal cord contains both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers.

Question 10

All of the following are structures of the limbic system EXCEPT the ________.

Accepted Answer

The caudate nucleus is not a structure of the limbic system, it is a part of the basal ganglia.

Question 11

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ________.

Accepted Answer

Spastic paralysis involves increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, which is characteristic of damage to the upper motor neurons in the brain or spinal cord.

Question 12

Which of the following would you NOT find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Normal cerebrospinal fluid does not contain red blood cells.

Question 13

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________.

Accepted Answer

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called gyri. Fissures refer to deep grooves, ganglia refer to clusters of nerve cell bodies, and sulci refer to shallow grooves.

Question 14

The blood-brain barrier is effective against ________.

Accepted Answer

The blood-brain barrier is designed to protect the brain from harmful substances and pathogens while allowing essential nutrients like glucose to pass through. It is not effective against small or lipid-soluble molecules such as alcohol and anesthetics, which can diffuse through the barrier. Metabolic wastes like urea are generally restricted by the blood-brain barrier to maintain the brain's environment.

Question 15

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation, located in the brainstem, is responsible for regulating wakefulness and alertness by controlling the flow of information to the cerebral cortex. It has connections with the thalamus and limbic system, but is the primary area responsible for this function. The pyramids, located in the medulla oblongata, are involved with control of voluntary movements.

Question 16

REM sleep is associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, there is temporary skeletal muscle inhibition except for ocular muscles and diaphragm, which allows for vivid dreaming without physically acting out the dream.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

The basal nuclei (also called basal ganglia) play a role in cognition and emotion, controlling starting and stopping movements, and inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements. However, they do not initiate protective reflex actions, which is the function of the reflex arc.

Question 18

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

Injury to the hypothalamus can lead to loss of body temperature control, sleep disturbances, and dehydration but not loss of fine motor control. Fine motor control is controlled by other areas of the brain such as the cerebellum and motor cortex.

Question 19

Broca's area ________.

Accepted Answer

Broca's area is considered a motor speech area, responsible for the movement required to produce speech.

Question 20

Which of the following structures is probably NOT directly involved in memory?

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata is primarily involved in controlling vital autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate, and not directly involved in memory processes. The other structures listed, including the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus, have been shown to play important roles in memory formation and retrieval.

Quiz 12: The Central Nervous System