Question 1

Per capita emissions of total greenhouse gases are highest in

Accepted Answer

Per capita emissions of total greenhouse gases are highest in more-developed countries (MDCs) due to high levels of industrialization and energy consumption.

Question 2

The primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂)is

Accepted Answer

Burning of fossil fuels is the largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Fossil fuels are the primary source of energy for transportation, electricity generation, and other industrial processes, and their combustion releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Question 3

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)concentrations over the past 800,000 years

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide concentrations have fluctuated over time, but have been increasing since the Industrial Revolution due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has now surpassed the highest levels recorded in the past 800,000 years.

Question 4

Scientists use __________to study past climates,using __________to reconstruct climates that extend back further than our present instrumentation allows.

Accepted Answer

Scientists use proxy methods or climate proxies to reconstruct past climates that extend further back than our present instrumentation allows. These proxies include analyzing tree rings, ice cores, sediment layers, and other indirect evidence. Computer modeling and algorithms are used to analyze this data, but they are not the primary method of reconstructing past climates. Direct measurements and historical records only go back a limited amount of time and are not enough to study long-term climate trends.

Question 5

Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record for the past________ years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record...

Question 6

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a________ climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a ________climate.

Accepted Answer

A lower ^18O/^16O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a warmer climate because lighter ^16O evaporates more easily and is more prevalent in precipitation during warmer periods. A higher ^18O/^16O ratio indicates a cooler climate as more ^16O is trapped in ice sheets, leaving the ocean enriched in ^18O.

Question 7

The majority of human population growth is now occurring in

Accepted Answer

According to current demographic trends, the majority of human population growth is occurring in less-developed countries (LDCs). This is due to factors such as higher birth rates and lower death rates, as well as improvements in healthcare and increased access to food and resources in these countries. Meanwhile, many more-developed countries (MDCs) are experiencing population decline or slower growth rates, often due to aging populations and lower fertility rates.

Question 8

The three key elements of climate change science include the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Establishing policy on CO2 emissions is not a key element of climate change science, but rather a policy decision based on the findings of such science. The three key elements include the projection of future climate scenarios, measurement of current climatic change, and study of past climates.

Question 9

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice core indicates a_________ climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a_________ climate.

Accepted Answer

The lower 18O/16O ratio in ice core indicates a cooler climate because during cooler periods, more heavy isotopes (18O) are retained in the ice, leaving the remaining water depleted in heavy isotopes. Conversely, a higher 18O/16O ratio indicates a warmer climate because during warmer periods, more heavy isotopes (18O) are evaporated from the ocean and transported to higher latitudes where they are trapped in ice, leading to a higher ratio of heavy isotopes in the ice core.

Question 10

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO₂ concentrations in May 2013 exceeded_________ for the first time during the last 800,000 years.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, CO2 concentrations exceeded for the first time during the last 800,000 years in May 2013. The question asks for the concentration level, and only option D, 400-ppm, matches with the given information. Therefore, D is the correct choice.

Question 11

The science that studies Earthʹs past climates is

Accepted Answer

Paleoclimatology is the study of past climates, including those that occurred before humans began recording weather and climate data. Meteorology is the study of current and future weather patterns. Dendrochronology is the use of tree rings to determine past climate patterns, but it is a subset of paleoclimatology. Climate change science focuses on studying current and future changes in Earth's climate, but it also incorporates paleoclimatology in order to better understand the context and potential impacts of these changes.

Question 12

Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios of ice sheets?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O...

Question 13

The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is

Accepted Answer

The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is climate change science. Choice A, paleoclimatology, is a related field of study that looks at past climate patterns. Choice B, climate policy, is a specific area of policy-making that focuses on climate change. Choice D, meteorology, is a related field that focuses on current and future weather patterns rather than long-term climate change.

Question 14

Seasonal fluctuations in CO₂ emissions reflect

Accepted Answer

Seasonal fluctuations in CO2 emissions are primarily due to changes in vegetation cover, as plants absorb CO2 during the growing season in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to lower atmospheric CO2 levels in summer and higher levels in winter when plants are dormant.

Question 15

-Over the span of 70 million years,Earthʹs climate

Accepted Answer

Over the span of 70 million years, Earth's climate has experienced significant fluctuations, with periods in the distant past being much warmer than the present, such as during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Question 16

Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios of the oceans?

Accepted Answer

During the winter, ¹⁶O is high in the ocean; during warmer periods the isotope ratio is lower.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O.

Accepted Answer

Both the 16O and 18O isotopes occur in water molecules, with 16O being more abundant than 18O. The ratio of these isotopes can be used in the study of the water cycle and climate change.

Question 18

Ice cores provide a climate record for the past________ years.

Accepted Answer

Ice cores provide a climate record of the past 800,000 years by analyzing the air bubbles trapped in the ice. These air bubbles contain information about past atmospheric conditions, such as carbon dioxide levels and temperature.

Question 19

The________ is a graph which plots monthly averages of CO₂ concentrations since 1958.

Accepted Answer

The Keeling Curve refers to the graph of monthly averages of CO2 concentrations since 1958. It was named after Charles David Keeling, the scientist who started the measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. The curve shows a clear rising trend in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which is a key indicator of the human impact on climate change.

Question 20

A higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a __________climate,and a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice cores indicates a __________climate.

Accepted Answer

A higher 18O/16O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a cooler climate because during colder periods, more 16O is trapped in ice sheets and glaciers, leaving more 18O in the ocean. Similarly, a higher 18O/16O ratio in ice cores indicates a warmer climate because during warmer periods, more 16O is evaporated and trapped in precipitation that falls as snow, leaving more 18O in the remaining ice.

Quiz 8: Population Growth and Fossil Fuel Burning the Setting for Climate Change

Per capita emissions of total greenhouse gases are highest in

The primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) is

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations over the past 800,000 years

Scientists use to study past climates,using to reconstruct climates that extend back further than our present instrumentation allows.

Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record for the past________ years.

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a climate.

The majority of human population growth is now occurring in

The three key elements of climate change science include the following EXCEPT

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice core indicates a_ climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a_ climate.

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO₂ concentrations in May 2013 exceeded_________ for the first time during the last 800,000 years.

The science that studies Earthʹs past climates is

Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios of ice sheets?

The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is

Seasonal fluctuations in CO₂ emissions reflect

-Over the span of 70 million years,Earthʹs climate

Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios of the oceans?

Which of the following is TRUE of ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O.

Ice cores provide a climate record for the past________ years.

The________ is a graph which plots monthly averages of CO₂ concentrations since 1958.

A higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a climate,and a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice cores indicates a climate.

Quiz 8: Population Growth and Fossil Fuel Burning the Setting for Climate Change

Per capita emissions of total greenhouse gases are highest in

The primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is

Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past 800,000 years

Scientists use __________to study past climates,using __________to reconstruct climates that extend back further than our present instrumentation allows.

Ocean sediment cores provide a climate record for the past________ years.

A lower 18O/16O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a________ climate,whereas a higher 18O/16O ratio indicates a ________climate.

The majority of human population growth is now occurring in

The three key elements of climate change science include the following EXCEPT

A lower 18O/16O ratio in ice core indicates a_________ climate,whereas a higher 18O/16O ratio indicates a_________ climate.

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO2 concentrations in May 2013 exceeded_________ for the first time during the last 800,000 years.

The science that studies Earthʹs past climates is

Which of the following accurately describes 18O/16O ratios of ice sheets?

The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is

Seasonal fluctuations in CO2 emissions reflect

-Over the span of 70 million years,Earthʹs climate

Which of the following accurately describes 18O/16O ratios of the oceans?

Which of the following is TRUE of 16O and 18O.

Ice cores provide a climate record for the past________ years.

The________ is a graph which plots monthly averages of CO2 concentrations since 1958.

A higher 18O/16O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a __________climate,and a higher 18O/16O ratio in ice cores indicates a __________climate.

The primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) is

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations over the past 800,000 years

Scientists use to study past climates,using to reconstruct climates that extend back further than our present instrumentation allows.

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a climate.

A lower ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice core indicates a_ climate,whereas a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio indicates a_ climate.

According to readings from the Mauna Loa Observatory,CO₂ concentrations in May 2013 exceeded_________ for the first time during the last 800,000 years.

Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios of ice sheets?

Seasonal fluctuations in CO₂ emissions reflect

Which of the following accurately describes ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios of the oceans?

Which of the following is TRUE of ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O.

The________ is a graph which plots monthly averages of CO₂ concentrations since 1958.

A higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ocean sediment cores indicates a climate,and a higher ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in ice cores indicates a climate.