Question 1

Women who displayed a Duchenne smile in their college yearbook photos were found to report feeling happy and competent decades after graduation.

Accepted Answer

This is based on a study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, published in the journal, "Psychological Science." The study found that women who displayed genuine smiles, which involve activation of the muscles around the eyes known as the Duchenne smile, in their college yearbook photos had greater emotional well-being and life satisfaction in their 40s and 50s.

Question 2

Measuring emotional intelligence correctly has proved to be so difficult that contemporary psychologists have basically given up research in this area.

Accepted Answer

While measuring emotional intelligence can be a challenging task, contemporary psychologists continue to research and develop methods for accurately measuring this construct.

Question 3

The parasympathetic nervous system consists of neurons whose axons extend from the medulla and the lower part of the spinal cord to neuron clusters near the organs.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The parasympathetic nervous system includes neurons whose axons extend from the medulla and the lower part of the spinal cord to neuron clusters located near the organs.

Question 4

It appears that humans evolved the ability to cry because it reduces tension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It appears that humans evolved the ability...

Question 5

Jorge sets a goal for his life: advancing the cause of peace and justice.Jose sets a goal for his life: to make money.According to the research on happiness,Jose is more likely to be happy than Jorge.

Accepted Answer

Research on happiness suggests that having a sense of purpose and meaning in life, such as advancing the cause of peace and justice, is positively correlated with happiness. On the other hand, focusing solely on making money may lead to short-term happiness but not necessarily long-term fulfillment and well-being.

Question 6

If violence is defined to include slapping and pushing,etc. ,research on heterosexual couples finds that women commit more acts of violence against men than men commit against women.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found that there is a higher rate of reported violence by women against men in heterosexual relationships when the definition of violence includes acts like slapping and pushing. However, when the definition of violence is restricted to more severe acts like hitting with an object, choking, or using a weapon, men are found to be more likely to commit such acts of violence against women.

Question 7

Psychologists use physiological measurements,such as PET and fMRI scans,to determine which emotion a person is experiencing.

Accepted Answer

While PET and fMRI scans can show which areas of the brain are active during emotional experiences, they cannot definitively determine the specific emotion a person is experiencing due to the complexity and overlap of brain regions involved in different emotions.

Question 8

The National Academy of Sciences,after reviewing the research on polygraphs,concluded that polygraph tests should not be used for national security clearances.

Accepted Answer

The National Academy of Sciences did indeed conclude that polygraph tests should not be used for national security clearances, as the accuracy and reliability of the tests have been called into question by scientific research.

Question 9

According to the research on happiness,unmarried people are happier than married people.

Accepted Answer

The statement is false. According to various studies, married people tend to report higher levels of satisfaction and happiness in their lives compared to unmarried individuals. However, the level of happiness also depends on the quality of the marriage and individual circumstances.

Question 10

Elaine visualizes receiving an A on her next psychology test.Elizabeth visualizes herself going to the library,organizing her notes and reading the book.Elizabeth is more likely to be successful than Elaine.

Accepted Answer

Elizabeth's visualization includes specific and actionable steps that can lead to success, while Elaine's visualization only focuses on the end result. By breaking down the process into steps and planning ahead, Elizabeth is more likely to be successful than Elaine.

Question 11

Giving social support to others tends to improve health outcomes even more than receiving social support.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that providing social support to others can improve physical and mental well-being, reduce stress, and lower the risk of chronic illnesses. Giving support can increase feelings of purpose and connectedness, which in turn can have positive effects on health outcomes. While receiving social support is important, giving support can have even greater benefits for overall health and well-being.

Question 12

A study asked heterosexual men to rate the attractiveness of swimsuit models.Some of the participants were led to believe the sound they were hearing while viewing the photos was the sound of their heartbeat.Men who believed they were hearing their own heartbeat rated the photos as more attractive.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately represents the findings of the study.

Question 13

Research has demonstrated that speaking with a therapist as soon as possible after experiencing a trauma reduces the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has demonstrated that speaking with a...

Question 14

People are more likely to display facial expressions when they are with other people compared to when they are alone.

Accepted Answer

This is because facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication that helps convey emotions and intentions to others. When alone, there is no need to communicate with others through facial expressions.

Question 15

People who have suffered damage to their amygdala cannot experience the emotion of fear.

Accepted Answer

While damage to the amygdala can affect the processing and expression of fear, it does not necessarily mean that a person cannot experience fear. Other areas of the brain can play a role in the feeling of fear, and individuals with amygdala damage may still experience fear in certain situations.

Question 16

As a general rule,people are good at detecting when others are lying.

Accepted Answer

Contrary to popular belief, research has shown that people are not very good at detecting lies. In fact, accuracy rates for detecting lies are often no better than chance.

Question 17

People who commit acts of violence typically score low on measures of self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people who commit acts of violence do not necessarily have low self-esteem. In some cases, individuals with high self-esteem, especially when it is fragile or threatened, may be more prone to aggression.

Question 18

One of the strongest predictors of who will behave violently is mental illness: people with a history of mental illness are more likely to be violent.

Accepted Answer

Most people with mental illness are not violent, and mental illness is not a primary predictor of violent behavior. Factors such as substance abuse, history of violence, and socio-economic conditions are more predictive of violent behavior than mental illness alone.

Question 19

The greatest difficulty facing the developers of tests of emotional intelligence is determining what the correct answers are.

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence is a complex and dynamic construct that is difficult to measure objectively. Therefore, determining the "correct" answers for tests of emotional intelligence can be challenging.

Question 20

Most people who experience extremely traumatic events develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Accepted Answer

Although many people may experience symptoms of trauma following a traumatic event, not everyone develops PTSD. It is estimated that approximately 8% of people will experience PTSD at some point in their lives.

Quiz 12: Emotional Behaviors,stress,and Health