Question 1

The tendency for a stationary light viewed against darkness to look as though it's moving is called:

Accepted Answer

The autokinetic effect is the tendency for a stationary light viewed against darkness to look as though it's moving. The other choices (synthesizing process, kinetic depth effect, motion parallax) do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 2

Even though a motion picture actually consists of a series of still frames, we perceive them conveying continuous movement. This is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Even though a motion picture actually consists...

Question 3

Since our eyes are a few inches apart, we get a slightly different view from each eye. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the slightly different views from each eye is binocular disparity. This provides important information to the brain about depth and distance perception. Options B, C, and D are not accurate terms for this phenomenon.

Question 4

Which of the following produces binocular disparity?

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is the difference in the images presented to each eye as a result of their spatial separation. This spatial separation is produced by the eyes being a few centimeters apart, which means that each eye sees a slightly different view of the world.

Question 5

Because the eyes are separated by several centimeters, each eye's view of an object is different from the other's. This is called _______ disparity.

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity refers to the difference between the images projected onto each eye, and this is what allows us to perceive depth and three-dimensionality. Monocular, ocular, and visual disparity are not commonly used terms in describing this phenomenon.

Question 6

If perceptual information aiding in depth perception must be drawn simultaneously from both eyes, it is referred to as _______.

Accepted Answer

Binocular cues require input from both eyes in order to perceive depth, whereas monocular cues can be perceived with just one eye. Contralateral input refers to information coming from the opposite side of the body, which is not directly related to depth perception. Duoretinal image is not a commonly used term in the context of depth perception.

Question 7

A drawing of a gravel road depicts the tiny rocks as becoming smaller and less distinct as one looks "down the lane." This simulation of depth on a two-dimensional sheet of paper is an example of the _______ cue.

Accepted Answer

The depiction of the rocks becoming smaller and less distinct is an example of texture gradient, which is a monocular cue that helps to create the illusion of depth. This cue involves the diminishing size and detail of texture as it extends into the distance. Interposition involves objects in the foreground blocking or partially occluding objects in the background, elevation involves the use of horizon lines and angles to create the illusion of depth, and shadowing involves the use of shadows to create the impression of depth and dimensionality. None of these cues are as directly applicable to the given description as texture gradient.

Question 8

When we look at objects fairly close to us, our eyes tend to turn slightly inward toward each other. This process is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Convergence is the process by which our eyes turn inward toward each other when looking at objects that are closer to us. This allows our eyes to focus on the object and create a single, clear image in our brains. Retinal disparity refers to the slight difference in the images received by each eye, which allows for depth perception. Binocular inversion and being cross-eyed are not accurate processes or terms used in vision science.

Question 9

If a single line is projected onto the same parts of both retinas, the line will be seen clearly in a process called _______.

Accepted Answer

Binocular fusion occurs when the brain combines the slightly different images from each retina into one image, allowing us to perceive depth and a three-dimensional world. This process allows us to see a single line clearly when it is projected onto the same parts of both retinas. Redundance is not a known process in vision, monocular cooperation refers to the eyes working together when only one eye is open, and binocular rivalry is when the brain cannot reconcile two different images presented to each eye.

Question 10

Clearness and linear perspective are examples of _______ cues for depth perception.

Accepted Answer

Clearness and linear perspective are monocular cues, meaning they can be perceived with one eye only. Binocular cues require both eyes to work together, such as binocular disparity. Kinetic cues involve motion, such as motion parallax.

Question 11

Railroad tracks converging in the distance best illustrate which monocular cue?

Accepted Answer

Railroad tracks converging in the distance is an example of linear perspective, which is a monocular depth cue that occurs when parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance. The other options such as texture gradient and clearness do not accurately describe this visual phenomenon.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a monocular cue?

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective, where parallel lines appear to converge with distance, is a monocular cue for depth perception. This is exemplified by trees in a forest appearing to come together in the distance. Monocular cues can be perceived with just one eye and include aspects like texture gradient, interposition, relative size, and linear perspective, among others.

Question 13

The differences between the separate images each eye receives are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The differences between the separate images each eye receives are known as retinal disparity. This term refers to the slight difference in angle and position that each eye has in relation to a given object or scene. These slight differences are processed by the brain to create a three-dimensional perception of the world, known as stereoscopic vision. Convergence refers to the inward movement of the eyes that occurs when focusing on nearby objects. Binocular inversion is not a term used in psychology or vision science.

Question 14

Which type of information helps with depth perception?

Accepted Answer

Depth perception is the ability to perceive the distance between objects and is enhanced by visual cues such as binocular (using both eyes) visual input. Disparities in the images collected by the two eyes are used to calculate distance, size and depth. Revision has no direct relation to depth perception.

Question 15

Muller-Lyer, Ponzo, and Zollner are all _________.

Accepted Answer

Muller-Lyer, Ponzo, and Zollner are all examples of geometrical illusions, which means they are illusions that are created by the geometry of the objects being viewed rather than the properties of the visual system.

Question 16

The impression of depth can be created or enhanced in visual art by encouraging the person viewing a drawing to assume that converging lines are actually parallel. This artistic ploy uses the depth cue of _______.

Accepted Answer

Linear perspective is the depth cue that involves using converging lines to create or enhance the impression of depth. It relies on the assumption that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, and by manipulating these lines, artists can create the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface. Interposition involves objects overlapping one another, elevation involves the positioning of objects at different heights, and accommodation involves the way the eye adjusts its focus to view objects at different distances. While all of these depth cues may be used in visual art, it is the manipulation of converging lines that is most closely associated with linear perspective.

Question 17

A person who is blind in one eye can use all of the visual cues except _______.

Accepted Answer

Convergence is the ability of the eyes to come together when looking at an object up close. This helps to provide depth perception and is not possible with only one functioning eye. However, aerial perspective, shadowing, and motion parallax can still be used by someone who is blind in one eye to make sense of their surroundings.

Question 18

When objects are 60 or 70 feet away, _______ does not occur.

Accepted Answer

Convergence is the gradual turning inward of the eyes to focus on a closer object. This does not occur when objects are 60 or 70 feet away, as they are too far for the eyes to need to converge. However, stereoscopic vision, motion parallax, and retinal disparity can still occur at this distance.

Question 19

The autokinetic effect is:

Accepted Answer

The autokinetic effect is the tendency for a stationary object viewed against a dark background to look as if it is moving. This is a visual illusion that occurs because our eyes do not have a stable reference point to judge the location of the object.

Question 20

Many so-called UFOs may actually be caused by ________.

Accepted Answer

The autokinetic effect can cause stationary lights to appear to move in a dark environment, which might explain some UFO sightings as observers misinterpret natural or artificial lights.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception