Question 1

Changes in bone density and muscle composition that are due to automatic, genetic processes are known as

Accepted Answer

Changes in bone density and muscle composition that are due to automatic, genetic processes are known as maturation. Maturation refers to the natural, biological changes that occur due to genetic factors, rather than external environmental factors (nurture). Conception refers to the moment when a sperm fertilizes an egg, which is not related to bone density or muscle composition. Environmental factors can also influence bone density and muscle composition, but this is not the primary factor for the changes that occur due to maturation.

Question 2

The predetermined unfolding of genetic information is known as

Accepted Answer

The predetermined unfolding of genetic information is known as maturation. This refers to the biological processes that occur in a certain sequence and timeline due to genetic factors.

Question 3

Genetically-determined traits not only directly influence a child's ______, but also indirectly shape the child's _________.

Accepted Answer

Genetically-determined traits directly influence a child's behavior, such as temperament and predispositions, and these behaviors can in turn shape the environment around the child, including how caregivers and peers interact with them.

Question 4

Advocates of the __________ perspective believe that much of behaviour is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts of which a person has little awareness or control.

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the role of unconscious factors in shaping behavior. Options B, C, and D do not specifically address this idea.

Question 5

According to the textbook, which statement best reflects how many researchers view the nature-nurture question?

Accepted Answer

Most researchers agree that both genetic (nature) and environmental (nurture) factors play significant roles in shaping behavior and development, suggesting that behaviors are influenced by a combination of both rather than being dominated by one.

Question 6

Research on infant brain development shows that some brain functions, such as motor coordination and sensory acuity, are most able to develop during key periods of infancy although later experience is still able to refine these brain functions.This is called a

Accepted Answer

This is referred to as a sensitive period, which is a time frame in development when the brain is particularly receptive to certain types of learning and experiences, although these skills and abilities can still be acquired later on, albeit often with more difficulty.

Question 7

In a ______, organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.

Accepted Answer

A sensitive period is a time in an organism's development when they are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment. However, the absence of those stimuli during the sensitive period does not always produce irreversible consequences.

Question 8

Freud believed that the _________ contains infantile wishes, desires, demands, and needs that are hidden from conscious awareness because they are disturbing.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the unconscious contains infantile wishes, desires, demands, and needs that are hidden from conscious awareness because they are disturbing.

Question 9

Early developmentalists focused their attention on

Accepted Answer

The answer of Early developmentalists focused their attention on
...

Question 10

The psychodynamic perspective is closely associated with

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective is closely associated with the work of Sigmund Freud, who developed the concept of the unconscious mind and the role of childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior. While other theorists such as Erikson also contributed to the psychodynamic perspective, Freud is considered the founder of this approach. Skinner and Piaget, on the other hand, are associated with behaviorism and cognitive development theory, respectively, which are different approaches to understanding human development and behavior.

Question 11

"Nature" refers to

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to the genetic inheritance and biological factors that influence a person's traits, abilities, and capacities, which are inherited from their parents.

Question 12

A specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally is called

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally. In contrast, discontinuous change involves distinct stages of development while continuous change involves gradual, ongoing development with no distinct stages. "Natural change" is not a recognized term in developmental psychology.

Question 13

According to the textbook, which statement best reflects how many researchers view the scope of human development?

Accepted Answer

Human development is widely regarded by researchers as a continuous process that occurs throughout the lifespan, from infancy through old age, encompassing physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes.

Question 14

Broad, organized explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest are called _________________ and provide a framework for understanding the relationships among an unorganized set of facts or principles.

Accepted Answer

Concepts are individual ideas or mental constructs, hypotheses are tentative explanations for specific observations, and perspectives refer to overall attitudes or viewpoints. Theories, on the other hand, are broad, organized explanations that can incorporate multiple hypotheses and provide a framework for understanding relationships among a set of facts or principles.

Question 15

Wilma used both cocaine and alcohol during her pregnancy.This __________ influence is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Wilma's drug use during her pregnancy is a biological influence, as it directly affects the developing fetus. This contradicts the idea of nurture, which refers to environmental and social factors that shape a person's development. The term "nature" is not relevant in this context. "Maturation" refers to the normal developmental processes that occur over time and is not relevant to Wilma's situation. "Social" is not the best choice since Wilma's drug use directly affects her biological offspring, rather than being solely influenced by her environment or social factors.

Question 16

Environmental influences that shape behaviour are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Environmental influences refer to external factors such as upbringing, culture, and experiences that shape an individual's behavior. This aligns with the concept of "nurture," which emphasizes the importance of environmental factors in the development of behavior. Maturation refers to biological factors that influence development, while nature refers to the innate characteristics and genetics that influence behavior. Social evolution refers to the gradual changes in social structures over time.

Question 17

Which of the following answer choices suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Freud, suggests that unconscious forces, such as desires and memories, influence personality and behavior.

Question 18

Sigmund Freud is responsible for revolutionary ideas and the __________ theory.

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is known for his development of the psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts and conflicts. This theory has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and has influenced many other theoretical perspectives.

Question 19

Freud proposed a theory that suggests that unconscious forces act to influence personality and behaviour.This is called the ______ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory is known as psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 20

What issue is the most prominent in lifespan development?

Accepted Answer

The most prominent issue in lifespan development is determining the balance between nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) in shaping a person's behavior. This debate, often referred to as the nature vs. nurture debate, is central to understanding how various factors contribute to development throughout a person's life.

Quiz 1: An Introduction to Lifespan Development