Question 1

When people unconsciously try to prevent themselves from experiencing emotions, this is known as

Accepted Answer

Emotional insulation is a defense mechanism where individuals unconsciously protect themselves from experiencing emotions, particularly negative ones, to avoid pain or discomfort.

Question 2

The effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress is called

Accepted Answer

Coping refers to the strategies and behaviors that individuals use to manage the psychological and physiological demands of stressors.

Question 3

Which of the following experiences are most likely to produce excessive stress?

Accepted Answer

A serious illness in a loved one is more likely to produce excessive stress compared to the other options because it involves emotional distress and potential long-term impact on personal life, unlike scheduled exams or job expectations which are relatively common and manageable stressors.

Question 4

When a person attempts coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation, this is called

Accepted Answer

Defensive coping involves using unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation in order to protect oneself from feelings of vulnerability or anxiety. Emotion-focused coping involves managing the emotional distress caused by a situation, hardiness refers to a personality characteristic that enables individuals to cope effectively with stress, and substitution involves replacing an unattainable or unacceptable goal with another one.

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a psychosomatic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Asthma is considered a psychosomatic disorder because it is triggered or worsened by psychological factors such as stress, anxiety or other emotional disturbances.

Question 6

The success with which young adults deal with stress depends on their general tendency to deal with stress in a particular way, called

Accepted Answer

The question explicitly states that the way in which young adults deal with stress is called a coping style. Therefore, option C, coping style, is the best answer. Options A and D are incorrect because hardiness refers to a personality trait characterized by resilience and a sense of control, while emotion-focused coping refers to strategies that attempt to regulate or manage the emotional response to stress, both of which are distinct from coping style. Option B, social support, may be a helpful factor in coping with stress, but it is not the specific construct being asked about in the question.

Question 7

When a person attempts to control stress by using conscious regulation of emotions, this is known as

Accepted Answer

Emotion-focused coping involves managing or regulating one's emotional response to a problem rather than addressing the problem itself. This strategy is used to help a person deal with stress by controlling their emotional response to a stressful situation.

Question 8

Allison is having a great deal of difficulty in her statistics class.She goes to her teacher to discuss ways in which she can improve her skills, or even drop the class if necessary.Allison is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Allison is demonstrating problem-focused coping because she is actively seeking solutions to improve her skills in the statistics class by discussing with her teacher.

Question 9

How well people handle stress is an interplay between

Accepted Answer

Handling stress involves both physical and psychological factors, as stress can affect one's mental health and physical well-being, and the ability to cope with stress depends on psychological resilience and physical health.

Question 10

Long-term stress, as opposed to short-term stress, affects humans in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Long-term stress leads to the consistent production of stress hormones like cortisol, which can have detrimental effects on the heart, blood vessels, and body tissues, leading to various health issues.

Question 11

Medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties are called

Accepted Answer

Psychosomatic disorders are conditions in which psychological factors play a significant role in the manifestation, severity, or persistence of physical symptoms. This term specifically refers to the interaction between mind and body, where emotional or psychological issues can lead to physical symptoms or exacerbate existing medical conditions.

Question 12

If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time it will take to adequately study for the upcoming exam, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating what resources and options are available to manage a stressor, such as determining how much time is needed to study for an exam.

Question 13

If a student assesses the situation to determine how much time he/she has available to devote to studying for an upcoming exam, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating one's resources and options in response to a stressor, such as determining how much time is available for studying for an exam.

Question 14

Psychoneuroimmunology suggests that when a stressful situation is encountered several biological reactions occur, including which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Stressful situations activate the body's fight-or-flight response, leading to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure as part of the body's preparation to deal with the stressor.

Question 15

Jayne is having difficulty finding adequate, affordable daycare for her child while she is at work.Instead of focusing on the negative, she looks at the bright side and realizes that at least she has a good job in a tight economy.Jayne is utilizing

Accepted Answer

Emotion-focused coping involves managing one's emotional response to a problem rather than addressing the problem itself. Jayne is focusing on the positive aspects of her situation (having a good job) rather than the problem (finding affordable daycare), which is a form of emotion-focused coping.

Question 16

According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, an individual's assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral is called

Accepted Answer

Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress and coping includes the concept of primary appraisal, which is the initial assessment of a situation to determine whether it is positive, negative, or neutral. This assessment then informs the individual's coping response. Secondary appraisal, on the other hand, refers to the evaluation of one's resources and ability to cope with the situation.

Question 17

According to researchers Arnold Lazarus and Susan Folkman, an individual's assessment of whether one's coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the potential stressor is called

Accepted Answer

Secondary appraisal involves evaluating whether one's coping abilities and resources are sufficient to manage the stressor, according to Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress and coping.

Question 18

Assistance and comfort provided to a person dealing with a stressful situation is known as

Accepted Answer

Social support refers to the emotional, tangible, and informational assistance and comfort provided by others during stressful situations. It can come from friends, family, coworkers, or other sources and can help individuals cope with stress and improve their well-being. Counselling, sounding off, and stress management may also be helpful in addressing stress, but social support specifically refers to the assistance provided by others.

Question 19

A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness is known as

Accepted Answer

Hardiness is a personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness. Hardiness refers to a strong sense of control over one's life, a commitment to personal goals and values, and a willingness to accept and adapt to change. Individuals who possess these qualities tend to view stressful situations as challenges rather than threats, and are better able to cope with and manage the effects of stress on their bodies.

Question 20

What is the name for the new field of study that researches the relationship among the brain, immune system, and psychological factors with regard to stress-related events?

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the field of study that investigates the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships among behavioral, neural, endocrine, and immune processes, especially as they relate to stress and health.

Quiz 7: Early Adulthood