Question 1

The most common graphical presentation of quantitative data is a
A) histogram
B) bar chart
C) relative frequency
D) pie chart

Accepted Answer

A histogram is the most appropriate choice for presenting quantitative data as it displays the distribution of numerical data. Bar charts are more suitable for categorical data, relative frequency can be presented as a percentage in a histogram, and pie charts are not effective for displaying numerical data.

Question 2

In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to
A) one
B) 100%
C) the total number of elements in the data set
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Accepted Answer

The last class in a cumulative frequency distribution represents all the remaining data values that were not included in the previous classes. Therefore, its cumulative frequency should be equal to the total number of elements in the data set.

Question 3

An Ogive is constructed by plotting a point corresponding to the frequency of each class.
A) relative
B) cumulative
C) percent
D) octave

Accepted Answer

An Ogive is a graph that shows the cumulative frequencies of data. It is constructed by plotting a point for each class's cumulative frequency, making it a cumulative distribution graph. The other answer choices (A) relative frequency, (C) percent, and (D) octave do not accurately describe an Ogive.

Question 4

The relative frequency of a class is computed by
A) dividing the midpoint of the class by the sample size
B) dividing the frequency of the class by the midpoint
C) dividing the sample size by the frequency of the class
D) dividing the frequency of the class by the sample size

Accepted Answer

The relative frequency of a class is the frequency of the class divided by the sample size. Therefore, the correct choice is D, which divides the frequency of the class by the sample size.

Question 5

If several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set, the distribution with the widest class width will have the
A) fewest classes
B) most classes
C) same number of classes as the other distributions since all are constructed from the same data

Accepted Answer

The class width determines the range of values included in each class. A wider class width will result in fewer classes as it covers a broader range of values. Therefore, the distribution with the widest class width will have the fewest classes.

Question 6

The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal
A) the sample size
B) the number of classes
C) one
D) any value larger than one

Accepted Answer

The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes always equals one because relative frequency is defined as the fraction or proportion of observations in a class, relative to the total number of observations. Since all observations are accounted for in the calculation of relative frequencies, the sum of all the fractions must equal one.

Question 7

The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal
A) one
B) the number of classes
C) the number of items in the study
D) 100

Accepted Answer

The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal a total of 100%, as it represents the entirety of the data being studied. Therefore, the correct answer is D, 100.

Question 8

A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows
A) the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class
B) the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class
C) the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class
D) the percentage of data items with values less than or equal to the lower limit of each class

Accepted Answer

A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class. This can be useful in understanding the overall distribution of the data and identifying any patterns or trends.

Question 9

The relative frequency of a class is computed by
A) dividing the cumulative frequency of the class by n
B) dividing n by cumulative frequency of the class
C) dividing the frequency of the class by n
D) dividing the frequency of the class by the number of classes

Accepted Answer

The relative frequency of a class is the fraction or proportion of the total number of data that falls in that class. Therefore, it is computed by dividing the frequency of the class by the total number of data, which is represented as "n". So, choice C is the correct one.

Question 10

The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal
A) 1
B) the number of elements in a data set
C) the number of classes
D) a value between 0 and 1

Accepted Answer

The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal the number of elements in a data set.

Question 11

In constructing a frequency distribution, the approximate class width is computed as
A) largest data value - smallest data value)/number of classes
B) largest data value - smallest data value)/sample size
C) smallest data value - largest data value)/sample size
D) largest data value/number of classes

Accepted Answer

The approximate class width is computed by taking the difference between the largest and smallest data values and dividing by the number of classes. This gives an estimate of how wide each class interval should be in order to encompass all of the data points.

Question 12

Categorical data can be graphically represented by using an)
A) histogram
B) frequency polygon
C) ogive
D) bar chart

Accepted Answer

While all of the choices may be used to represent categorical data, a bar chart is the most appropriate choice as it clearly displays the frequency or proportion of each category as distinct bars. Histograms and frequency polygons are better suited for continuous data, and an ogive shows cumulative frequency rather than individual frequencies.

Question 13

The total number of data items with a value less than the upper limit for the class is given by the
A) frequency distribution
B) relative frequency distribution
C) cumulative frequency distribution
D) cumulative relative frequency distribution

Accepted Answer

The cumulative frequency distribution includes the total number of data items up to and including the upper limit of the class. This includes all data items with a value less than the upper limit, making it the best choice for the given question. The other options provide different types of frequency distributions but do not include the cumulative totals.

Question 14

A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South = 1; North = 2; East = 3; West = 4. The designated geographical regions represent
A) categorical data
B) quantitative data
C) label data
D) either quantitative or categorical data

Accepted Answer

The data is in the form of categories or labels, which makes it categorical data.

Question 15

A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several classes is a
A) frequency distribution
B) relative frequency distribution
C) frequency
D) cumulative frequency distribution

Accepted Answer

A relative frequency distribution shows the fraction (or percentage) of the total number of items in each class. A frequency distribution simply shows the number of items in each class, while a cumulative frequency distribution shows the number of items up to and including each class.

Question 16

The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the
A) number of classes
B) class limits
C) class midpoint
D) class width

Accepted Answer

The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes is the class width.

Question 17

The percent frequency of a class is computed by
A) multiplying the relative frequency by 10
B) dividing the relative frequency by 100
C) multiplying the relative frequency by 100
D) adding 100 to the relative frequency

Accepted Answer

Percent frequency is the relative frequency multiplied by 100 to express it as a percentage. Therefore, the correct choice would be to multiply the relative frequency by 100, as given in option C.

Question 18

In constructing a frequency distribution, as the number of classes are decreased, the class width
A) decreases
B) remains unchanged
C) increases
D) can increase or decrease depending on the data values

Accepted Answer

As the number of classes are decreased, the range of values covered by each class has to increase in order to accommodate all the data points. This leads to an increase in the class width.

Question 19

Fifteen percent of the students in a school of Business Administration are majoring in Economics, 20% in Finance, 35% in Management, and 30% in Accounting. The graphical devices) which can be used to present these data is are)
A) a line chart
B) only a bar chart
C) only a pie chart
D) both a bar chart and a pie chart

Accepted Answer

Both a bar chart and a pie chart can be used to present these data. A bar chart can show the percentage of students for each major in a visual, easy-to-read way. A pie chart can show the percentage breakdown of majors in a circular, easily-understood display. Therefore, using both a bar chart and a pie chart can provide a comprehensive understanding of the data.

Question 20

A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the
A) fraction of items in several classes
B) percentage of items in several classes
C) relative percentage of items in several classes
D) number of items in several classes

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution shows the number of items in each class or category, making choice D the correct answer. While fractions and percentages can be used to describe the distribution, they are not the main focus of a frequency distribution. The relative percentage is also not always included in a frequency distribution.

Quiz 2: Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays

The most common graphical presentation of quantitative data is a

In a cumulative frequency distribution, the last class will always have a cumulative frequency equal to

An Ogive is constructed by plotting a point corresponding to the frequency of each class.

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

If several frequency distributions are constructed from the same data set, the distribution with the widest class width will have the

The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal

The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal

A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal

In constructing a frequency distribution, the approximate class width is computed as

Categorical data can be graphically represented by using an)

The total number of data items with a value less than the upper limit for the class is given by the

A researcher is gathering data from four geographical areas designated: South = 1; North = 2; East = 3; West = 4. The designated geographical regions represent

A tabular summary of a set of data showing the fraction of the total number of items in several classes is a

The difference between the lower class limits of adjacent classes provides the

The percent frequency of a class is computed by

In constructing a frequency distribution, as the number of classes are decreased, the class width

Fifteen percent of the students in a school of Business Administration are majoring in Economics, 20% in Finance, 35% in Management, and 30% in Accounting. The graphical devices) which can be used to present these data is are)

A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the