Question 1

Consider the Asian disease problem. Describe the various ways the problem can be framed and how people typically respond in each situation. Finally, consider the factors that influence the variability in responses.

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Question 2

Your friend, Leslie, is interested in buying a new car. A consumer magazine says that Car X is the best buy for her budget and needs. However, Leslie's brother bought Car X and hated it. To whom should Leslie listen in this situation? Why might she not?

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Question 3

Your friend, Alex, swears that he hits every red light, which makes him late for class. You know that it is incredibly unlikely that he actually hits every red light. Assume that Alex isn't intentionally lying to you and consider the factors that might lead him to truly believe that he is unlucky when it comes to red lights.

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Question 4

Compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 reasoning. Include in your discussion the benefits and drawbacks to each system, the instances in which each system would be used, and how changing the data format can lead to changes in use.

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Question 5

Describe the four-card task. In your description, include the following components:
a. the basic task.
b. the type of logical argument that governs the task.
c. the typical performance rates and how those can be improved by changing components of the task.

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Question 6

Molly is a Democrat, and she is certain that Republicans are evil and ruining the country. Discuss how tendencies like confirmation bias and belief perseverance contribute to her beliefs and her evaluation of new evidence.

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Question 7

Describe the availability and representativeness heuristics, and provide real-life examples of each heuristic leading to an error. Explain why we would rely on these heuristics, if errors can (and do) occur.

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Question 8

People often make logical errors. Create a real-world example that illustrates the error in this categorical syllogism: All X are Y. All A are X. Therefore, all A are X.

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Question 9

Describe the ways that emotion can influence decision making. What tips would you give to a friend (or to yourself) to improve decision making under emotional duress?

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Question 10

Describe one situation in which your friend, Marcus, might show evidence of monetary risk aversion and another example in which he would show monetary risk seeking.

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Question 11

Brenda is terribly afraid of flying because she is certain the plane will crash. You know that the chances of a plane crash are exceedingly small and try to explain this to her. Given your knowledge of judgment and reasoning, describe the factors (i.e., judgment errors) that are contributing to her fear and give any tips that could help her overcome her fear.

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Quiz 12: Judgment and Reasoning