Question 1

What does the neuronal workspace suggest about brain activity when sleeping?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the neuronal workspace suggest about...

Question 2

The term "neural correlates of consciousness" refers most accurately to the

Accepted Answer

The neural correlates of consciousness refer to the changes in the brain that occur when we become conscious of a stimulus. This can be measured through imaging techniques such as fMRI or EEG, which demonstrate the regions of the brain that are active when we become aware of something.

Question 3

What sort of question might a neuroscientist ask about qualia?

Accepted Answer

A neuroscientist would likely be interested in exploring how brain activity and neural processing give rise to subjective experiences like qualia, making option D the best choice. The other options may also be relevant to certain aspects of qualia, but they are more focused on the behavioral and cognitive effects of qualia rather than the underlying neural mechanisms.

Question 4

Matt has sustained damage to his anterior cingulated cortex. What sort of disruptions in behavior would we expect to see as a result of this damage?

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in regulating and modulating emotional responses, decision-making, and impulse control. Damage to this area can result in difficulty overriding default responses with goal-directed behaviors.

Question 5

Which area of the brain is thought to be critical for resolving conflicts among disparate goals?

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is known to be critical for resolving conflicts among disparate goals, as well as for error detection, decision-making, and emotional regulation. The other areas listed, including the occipital lobe, basal ganglia, and frontal lobe, are important for various cognitive and motor functions, but are not specifically associated with resolving conflicting goals.

Question 6

The text argues that you will take action based on a memory

Accepted Answer

The text states that taking action based on a memory depends on being satisfied that the thought is an actual memory. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the role of the neuronal workspace in executive control is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement "It prevents activity from occurring in multiple areas of the brain, to avoid confusion" is false. The neuronal workspace actually allows for the integration and coordination of activity in multiple areas of the brain.

Question 8

Participants in many experiments show clear evidence of implicit memory but fail on comparable tests of explicit memory. Yet the participants could, in principle, rely on their implicit memories to guide their guessing in the explicit test. If they did, they would perform well on the explicit tests. The text indicates that participants fail to do this because

Accepted Answer

The text states that participants "seem to treat their implicit memories as though they were unreliable chance associations, so they do not trust them to be actual memories." This suggests that participants do not rely on their implicit memories because they do not trust them.

Question 9

Although the text suggests that we know what consciousness is for, most researchers agree that defining consciousness is difficult. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a part of what consciousness is?

Accepted Answer

Automatic responses to strong cues in the environment are typically considered to be outside the realm of consciousness, as they are not under conscious control. The other three options (subjective feelings, the ability to report and use mental experiences, and awareness of self) are commonly associated with consciousness.

Question 10

Describe the unconscious support structure that influences cognition and our cognitive products.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

One possible difference between a "sleeping brain" and an "awake brain" relates to the neuronal workspace. Which of the following statements most accurately represents this relationship?

Accepted Answer

The neuronal workspace is responsible for allowing different areas of the brain to communicate and integrate information, which is necessary for consciousness. This process is active during wakefulness, but is decreased or altered during sleep. Therefore, choice A most accurately represents the relationship between the neuronal workspace and the difference between a sleeping brain and an awake brain.

Question 12

In the neuronal workspace hypothesis, workspace neurons

Accepted Answer

Workspace neurons are believed to integrate and synchronize activity from multiple neural systems to create a unified experience. They serve as the glue that brings together different pieces of information to create a coherent conscious experience. They don't carry the content of consciousness directly (A), nor do they dictate the firing rate of other neurons (B). While they do detect synchrony among neural systems, their function is not to amplify or suppress neural output (D).

Question 13

The anterior cingulate cortex plays a crucial role in

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is known to be involved in detecting conflict among different brain systems, such as when an individual must choose between two competing options.

Question 14

Is it possible that perceptual information has to be conscious before a person will put that information to use?

Accepted Answer

Blind-sight patients have intact visual processing, but are unaware of it because the information is not consciously perceived. Therefore, they cannot put the information to use until it becomes conscious.

Question 15

Which of the following claims about consciousness and memory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This claim is false as research has shown that implicit memory can influence behavior outside of laboratory circumstances, such as in everyday life.

Question 16

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to be the result of fluency effects?

Accepted Answer

Fluency effects typically do not encompass stereotype threat, which is a phenomenon related to social identity and expectations, rather than cognitive processing fluency. The other options, confidence estimates, familiarity estimates, and qualia, are all linked to fluency effects.

Question 17

In order to detect that a red shape was moving, it is likely that

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The answer of In order to detect that a red...

Question 18

The mind-body problem refers to the fact that

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The answer of The mind-body problem refers to the fact...

Question 19

It is argued that people do not experience fluency as fluency. What explanation does the text give to describe this experience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is argued that people do not...

Question 20

The neuronal workspace helps us with all of the following EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

The neuronal workspace does not break down a unitary experience into its separate components, as that is the role of sensory and perceptual processing systems. The neuronal workspace integrates and coordinates activity across multiple brain regions to support conscious awareness and goal-directed behavior.

Quiz 14: Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought