Question 1

Sorites 1D
Given the following sorites:
Some S are R.
No B are S.
All R are H.
All M are B.

Some H are not M.
-For Sorites 1D, the correct answer is:

Accepted Answer

1. Some S are R. (I)
2. No B are S. (O)
3. All R are H. (A)
4. All M are B. (A)
5. Some H are not M. (I)
From (3), (4) and AAI-3, we can infer that some H are R. 
From (1), (2), and IEO-2, we can infer that some R are not B. 
From the above two inferences and (5), we can conclude that some H are not M. Thus, the argument is valid.

Question 2

Syllogism 2D
Given the following syllogism:
Some low class characters are not people with money, so some people without money are not honest souls, since no dishonest souls are high class characters.
-For Syllogism 2D, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise in a syllogism is the statement that contains the predicate of the conclusion. In this case, the conclusion revolves around the classification of souls (honest/dishonest) and their relation to class characters (high/low). The statement "All high class characters are honest souls" directly relates to the classification of souls and their status, making it the major premise.

Question 3

Given the following sorites: Some G are A.
No G are K.
All N are K.
All F are N.

No F are A.
This sorites is:

Accepted Answer

The term "N" is distributed in the conclusion ("All N are K"), but it is not distributed in any of the premises. This makes the syllogism invalid.

Question 4

Given the following enthymeme: Nuclear power does not cause global warming, so it must be good.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The missing premise in the enthymeme is the general principle that any kind of power that does not cause global warming is good. By adding this premise, we can form a valid syllogism:

Premise 1: Nuclear power does not cause global warming.
Premise 2: Any kind of power that does not cause global warming is good.
Conclusion: Therefore, nuclear power is good.

None of the other choices provide a statement that would sufficiently support the conclusion that nuclear power is good.

Question 5

Syllogism 2D
Given the following syllogism:
Some low class characters are not people with money, so some people without money are not honest souls, since no dishonest souls are high class characters.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2D, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

By reducing the syllogism, we get:
- Some low class characters are not people with money.
- No dishonest souls are high class characters.
Combining these statements, we can infer that:
- Some low class characters are not honest souls.
And since "Some low class characters" are the subject of the first statement, we can conclude:
- Some people without money are not honest souls. Thus, the correct choice is E.

Question 6

Syllogism 4D
Given the following syllogism:
A few Hondas are not on sale, because the cars with green tags are not on sale and a few Hondas have green tags.
-For Syllogism 4D, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The minor premise in a syllogism is the statement that provides a specific detail that links to the major premise. In this case, the statement "a few Hondas have green tags" directly provides this specific detail, making it the minor premise.

Question 7

Syllogism 1D
Given the following syllogism:
All unrewarding occupations are unsatisfying jobs, because no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs and all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1D, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The conclusion is derived from the premises that all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations and no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs, leading to the conclusion that all satisfying jobs must be rewarding occupations.

Question 8

Sorites 1D
Given the following sorites:
Some S are R.
No B are S.
All R are H.
All M are B.

Some H are not M.
-For Sorites 1D, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

To arrive at the second intermediate conclusion, we need to combine the first four premises: 
- Some S are R. 
- No B are S. 
- All R are H. 
- All M are B.

If we start with "Some S are R," we cannot immediately conclude anything about the relationship between R and M or H and M. However, we know that no B are S and all M are B, so we can conclude that no M are S.

Using the premises "no M are S" and "all R are H," we can conclude that some H are not M. This is because if all R are H and no M are S, then there must be some R that are not M. Therefore, those R that are not M must be H.

Thus, the correct answer is E: Some R are not M.

Question 9

Syllogism 3D
Given the following syllogism:
Edward gets angry whenever customers complain. Thus, Edward must have been angry yesterday, because customers were complaining yesterday.
-After translating Syllogism 3D into standard form, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The conclusion drawn from the given syllogism is specifically about Edward getting angry yesterday due to customer complaints yesterday, which directly translates to "All times identical to yesterday are times Edward gets angry."

Question 10

Syllogism 3D
Given the following syllogism:
Edward gets angry whenever customers complain. Thus, Edward must have been angry yesterday, because customers were complaining yesterday.
-For Syllogism 3D, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The minor premise provides specific information that connects the general rule to the specific instance being discussed. In this case, it's that customers were complaining yesterday, which directly leads to the conclusion about Edward's anger on that specific day.

Question 11

Syllogism 1D
Given the following syllogism:
All unrewarding occupations are unsatisfying jobs, because no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs and all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations.
-For Syllogism 1D, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise is the first statement in the syllogism and the conclusion is the last statement. The major premise in this syllogism is "All meaningful employments are rewarding occupations." This statement links the two category terms "meaningful employments" and "rewarding occupations" through the middle term "occupations." The minor premise is "No meaningless employments are satisfying jobs." This statement links the minor term "meaningless employments" with the middle term "employments" through the negation of the major term "satisfying jobs." Therefore, the conclusion must be "No unrewarding occupations are satisfying jobs."

Question 12

Given the following enthymeme: Street gangs are a top priority for the FBI because they're involved in organized crime.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The missing premise in the enthymeme is that groups involved in organized crime are a top priority for the FBI. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it provides a necessary premise for the enthymeme to become a valid syllogism.

Question 13

Syllogism 1D
Given the following syllogism:
All unrewarding occupations are unsatisfying jobs, because no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs and all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations.
-For Syllogism 1D, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1D
Given the following syllogism:
All unrewarding occupations...

Question 14

Given the following enthymeme: Schools cannot discriminate if they receive federal financing, and Hamilton College receives federal financing.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Accepted Answer

The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is a conclusion that follows from the premises. In this case, the premises are that schools that receive federal financing cannot discriminate and Hamilton College receives federal financing. Therefore, the conclusion must be that Hamilton College cannot discriminate. This is option E.

Question 15

Syllogism 4D
Given the following syllogism:
A few Hondas are not on sale, because the cars with green tags are not on sale and a few Hondas have green tags.
-After translating Syllogism 4D into standard form, the conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The syllogism tells us that there are some Hondas that have green tags and that cars with green tags are not on sale. Therefore, some Hondas are not on sale. This is represented in standard form as: 
Some Hondas are cars with green tags (I)
All cars with green tags are not on sale (E)
Therefore, some Hondas are not on sale (O)

Question 16

Syllogism 2D
Given the following syllogism:
Some low class characters are not people with money, so some people without money are not honest souls, since no dishonest souls are high class characters.
-For Syllogism 2D, the minor premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2D
Given the following syllogism:
Some low class...

Question 17

Sorites 1D
Given the following sorites:
Some S are R.
No B are S.
All R are H.
All M are B.

Some H are not M.
-For Sorites 1D, the correct standard form is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1D
Given the following sorites:
Some S are...

Question 18

Syllogism 4D
Given the following syllogism:
A few Hondas are not on sale, because the cars with green tags are not on sale and a few Hondas have green tags.
-For Syllogism 4D, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 4D
Given the following syllogism:
A few Hondas...

Question 19

Sorites 1D
Given the following sorites:
Some S are R.
No B are S.
All R are H.
All M are B.

Some H are not M.
-For Sorites 1D, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1D
Given the following sorites:
Some S are...

Question 20

Syllogism 3D
Given the following syllogism:
Edward gets angry whenever customers complain. Thus, Edward must have been angry yesterday, because customers were complaining yesterday.
-For Syllogism 3D, the major premise is:

Accepted Answer

The major premise of the syllogism is that every instance of customers complaining leads to Edward getting angry, which is best represented by option C.

Quiz 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Sorites 1D Given the following sorites: Some S are R. No B are S. All R are H. All M are B. Some H are not M. -For Sorites 1D, the correct answer is:

Syllogism 2D Given the following syllogism: Some low class characters are not people with money, so some people without money are not honest souls, since no dishonest souls are high class characters. -For Syllogism 2D, the major premise is:

Given the following sorites: Some G are A. No G are K. All N are K. All F are N. No F are A. This sorites is:

Given the following enthymeme: Nuclear power does not cause global warming, so it must be good. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 2D Given the following syllogism: Some low class characters are not people with money, so some people without money are not honest souls, since no dishonest souls are high class characters. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2D, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 4D Given the following syllogism: A few Hondas are not on sale, because the cars with green tags are not on sale and a few Hondas have green tags. -For Syllogism 4D, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 1D Given the following syllogism: All unrewarding occupations are unsatisfying jobs, because no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs and all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1D, the conclusion is:

Sorites 1D Given the following sorites: Some S are R. No B are S. All R are H. All M are B. Some H are not M. -For Sorites 1D, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 3D Given the following syllogism: Edward gets angry whenever customers complain. Thus, Edward must have been angry yesterday, because customers were complaining yesterday. -After translating Syllogism 3D into standard form, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 3D Given the following syllogism: Edward gets angry whenever customers complain. Thus, Edward must have been angry yesterday, because customers were complaining yesterday. -For Syllogism 3D, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 1D Given the following syllogism: All unrewarding occupations are unsatisfying jobs, because no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs and all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations. -For Syllogism 1D, the major premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Street gangs are a top priority for the FBI because they're involved in organized crime. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 1D Given the following syllogism: All unrewarding occupations are unsatisfying jobs, because no meaningless employments are satisfying jobs and all meaningful employments are rewarding occupations. -For Syllogism 1D, the minor premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Schools cannot discriminate if they receive federal financing, and Hamilton College receives federal financing. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 4D Given the following syllogism: A few Hondas are not on sale, because the cars with green tags are not on sale and a few Hondas have green tags. -After translating Syllogism 4D into standard form, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 2D Given the following syllogism: Some low class characters are not people with money, so some people without money are not honest souls, since no dishonest souls are high class characters. -For Syllogism 2D, the minor premise is:

Sorites 1D Given the following sorites: Some S are R. No B are S. All R are H. All M are B. Some H are not M. -For Sorites 1D, the correct standard form is:

Syllogism 4D Given the following syllogism: A few Hondas are not on sale, because the cars with green tags are not on sale and a few Hondas have green tags. -For Syllogism 4D, the major premise is:

Sorites 1D Given the following sorites: Some S are R. No B are S. All R are H. All M are B. Some H are not M. -For Sorites 1D, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 3D Given the following syllogism: Edward gets angry whenever customers complain. Thus, Edward must have been angry yesterday, because customers were complaining yesterday. -For Syllogism 3D, the major premise is: