Question 1

At what time of day are ozone concentrations highest during a photochemical smog event?

Accepted Answer

Ozone concentrations tend to build up throughout the day as sunlight and heat combine with pollutants. Therefore, the highest concentrations are typically seen in the late afternoon or early evening.

Question 2

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$A would be written as ________

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

One reaction that occurs in an automobile catalytic converter is the conversion of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen and oxygen. How is the rate of this reaction related to the rate at which the concentration of a reactant or product changes? 2NO(g) $\rightarrow$N₂(g) + O₂(g) I. Rate = $\Delta$[NO]/$\Delta$t II. Rate = -$\Delta$[NO]/$\Delta$t III. Rate = $\Delta$[N₂]/$\Delta$t IV. Rate = $\Delta$[O₂]/$\Delta$t

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

The device in automobiles that has decreased NO and partially oxidized hydrocarbons from exhaust gases is termed a ________

Accepted Answer

The device in automobiles that has decreased NO and partially oxidized hydrocarbons from exhaust gases is called a catalytic converter. This device uses a metal catalyst to convert harmful emissions into less harmful ones, such as carbon monoxide and water vapor. This process reduces the amount of pollutants released into the environment and helps to lower air pollution levels.

Question 5

Smog created by the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds is termed ________ smog.

Accepted Answer

Photochemical smog is created by the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds.

Question 6

The difference between an average rate and an instantaneous rate is ________

Accepted Answer

All options correctly describe differences and a condition under which average and instantaneous rates could be considered similar. The average rate is calculated over a period, while the instantaneous rate is derived from the slope at a specific point, and they converge as the interval approaches zero.

Question 7

For the reaction 2A + 3B$\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$C would be written as ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the reaction 2A + 3B$\rightarrow$ 4C...

Question 8

The greatest NO concentration is observed ________

Accepted Answer

The greatest NO concentration is observed in the morning just after rush hour, when the traffic emissions are at their peak.

Question 9

Large cities often issue ozone advisories. At what time of year would an advisory be likely to occur most often?

Accepted Answer

Ozone advisories are most likely to occur in the summer months when the weather is hot and sunny. These conditions can cause an increase in emissions from vehicles, industry, and other sources, which can react with sunlight to form ozone.

Question 10

When one chemical is a precursor of another chemical in a series of reactions, the concentrations of the two species are said to be ________

Accepted Answer

In a series of reactions, when one chemical is a precursor of another, their concentrations are linked because the formation of one depends on the consumption of the other.

Question 11

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$B would be written as ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$...

Question 12

Indicate which of the following compounds is a component of photochemical smog.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate which of the following compounds is...

Question 13

One reaction that occurs in an automobile catalytic converter is the conversion of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen and oxygen. How could the rate of this reaction be expressed correctly in terms of the rate at which the concentration of a reactant or product changes? 2NO(g)$\rightarrow$N₂(g) + O₂(g)

Accepted Answer

The rate of reaction is expressed as the negative change in concentration of a reactant over time, divided by its stoichiometric coefficient. Here, NO has a coefficient of 2, so the rate is -1/2 $\Delta$[NO]/$\Delta$t.

Question 14

NO₂ contributes to the "brown haze" associated with photochemical smog events. At what time of day is NO₂ concentration highest?

Accepted Answer

NO₂ is formed through photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Therefore, its concentration is highest during midmorning when sunlight is most intense and there is a buildup of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds from morning traffic.

Question 15

Which of the following is not important as a contributing factor to photochemical smog?

Accepted Answer

Irrigation is not a contributing factor to photochemical smog. The formation of photochemical smog requires stagnant air, sunlight, lots of traffic, and the presence of pollutants such as those from cars without catalytic converters.

Question 16

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$D would be written as ________

Accepted Answer

The rate of reaction is expressed as the change in concentration of a product or reactant divided by its stoichiometric coefficient. For D, it is +1/5 $\Delta$D/$\Delta$t.

Question 17

The order in which ozone, nitrogen monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide build up in the atmosphere over the course of the day is ________, then ________, then ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of The order in which ozone, nitrogen monoxide,...

Question 18

NO₂ concentrations during photochemical smog events often have two peaks, one in the early morning (8 A.M.) and another, smaller peak around 7 P.M. The second peak is due to ________

Accepted Answer

The answer of NO₂ concentrations during photochemical smog events often...

Question 19

One reaction that occurs in an automobile catalytic converter is the conversion of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen and oxygen. How could the rate of this reaction be expressed correctly in terms of the rate at which the concentration of a reactant or product changes? 2NO(g) $\rightarrow$ N₂(g) + O₂(g)

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reaction that occurs in an automobile...

Question 20

Indicate which of the following compounds is not a component of photochemical smog.

Accepted Answer

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is not a component of photochemical smog. Photochemical smog typically consists of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds, but not sulfur dioxide, which is more associated with industrial smog.

Quiz 14: Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Air We Breathe

At what time of day are ozone concentrations highest during a photochemical smog event?

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ A would be written as ________

The device in automobiles that has decreased NO and partially oxidized hydrocarbons from exhaust gases is termed a ________

Smog created by the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds is termed ________ smog.

The difference between an average rate and an instantaneous rate is ________

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ C would be written as ________

The greatest NO concentration is observed ________

Large cities often issue ozone advisories. At what time of year would an advisory be likely to occur most often?

When one chemical is a precursor of another chemical in a series of reactions, the concentrations of the two species are said to be ________

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ B would be written as ________

Indicate which of the following compounds is a component of photochemical smog.

NO₂ contributes to the "brown haze" associated with photochemical smog events. At what time of day is NO₂ concentration highest?

Which of the following is not important as a contributing factor to photochemical smog?

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ D would be written as ________

The order in which ozone, nitrogen monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide build up in the atmosphere over the course of the day is , then , then

NO₂ concentrations during photochemical smog events often have two peaks, one in the early morning (8 A.M.) and another, smaller peak around 7 P.M. The second peak is due to ________

Indicate which of the following compounds is not a component of photochemical smog.

Quiz 14: Chemical Kinetics: Reactions in the Air We Breathe

At what time of day are ozone concentrations highest during a photochemical smog event?

For the reaction 2A + 3B →\rightarrow→ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of Δ\DeltaΔ A would be written as ________

The device in automobiles that has decreased NO and partially oxidized hydrocarbons from exhaust gases is termed a ________

Smog created by the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds is termed ________ smog.

The difference between an average rate and an instantaneous rate is ________

For the reaction 2A + 3B →\rightarrow→ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of Δ\DeltaΔ C would be written as ________

The greatest NO concentration is observed ________

Large cities often issue ozone advisories. At what time of year would an advisory be likely to occur most often?

When one chemical is a precursor of another chemical in a series of reactions, the concentrations of the two species are said to be ________

For the reaction 2A + 3B →\rightarrow→ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of Δ\DeltaΔ B would be written as ________

Indicate which of the following compounds is a component of photochemical smog.

NO2 contributes to the "brown haze" associated with photochemical smog events. At what time of day is NO2 concentration highest?

Which of the following is not important as a contributing factor to photochemical smog?

For the reaction 2A + 3B →\rightarrow→ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of Δ\DeltaΔ D would be written as ________

The order in which ozone, nitrogen monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide build up in the atmosphere over the course of the day is ________, then ________, then ________

NO2 concentrations during photochemical smog events often have two peaks, one in the early morning (8 A.M.) and another, smaller peak around 7 P.M. The second peak is due to ________

Indicate which of the following compounds is not a component of photochemical smog.

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ A would be written as ________

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ C would be written as ________

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ B would be written as ________

NO₂ contributes to the "brown haze" associated with photochemical smog events. At what time of day is NO₂ concentration highest?

For the reaction 2A + 3B $\rightarrow$ 4C + 5D, the rate of the reaction in terms of $\Delta$ D would be written as ________

The order in which ozone, nitrogen monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide build up in the atmosphere over the course of the day is , then , then

NO₂ concentrations during photochemical smog events often have two peaks, one in the early morning (8 A.M.) and another, smaller peak around 7 P.M. The second peak is due to ________