Question 1

A mother reports that her child has been scratching the anal area and complaining of itching.Based on this information,the nurse might suspect this child has:
A) pinworms.
B) giardiasis.
C) ringworm.
D) roundworm.

Accepted Answer

With pinworms,the nurse or parent may notice that the child scratches the anal area and complains of itchiness.The other choices do not cause this reaction.

Question 2

The instruction the nurse would give to parents about preventing the spread and reinfection of pinworms is to:
A) keep children's nails short.
B) dress child in loose-fitting underwear.
C) clean the bathroom with bleach solution.
D) wash bed linens in cold water.

Accepted Answer

One intervention to prevent the further spread of pinworms is to keep the child's fingernails short.Pinworms are not spread from person to person.

Question 3

The nurse interviewing parents of an infant with pyloric stenosis would expect the parents to report if the infant has had:
A) diarrhea.
B) projectile vomiting.
C) poor appetite.
D) constipation.

Accepted Answer

Vomiting is the outstanding symptom of pyloric stenosis.Food is ejected with considerable force,which is described as projectile vomiting.

Question 4

A child has been diagnosed with ascariasis (roundworm).The statement made by her mother that may suggest a cause for her condition is:
A) "I've been airing out the house on these nice breezy days. "
B) "My child often goes out to the garden and pulls up a carrot to eat. "
C) "She runs barefoot so much I have to wash her feet at least twice a day. "
D) "We just remodeled our bathroom at home. "

Accepted Answer

The child can ingest roundworm eggs from contaminated soil.

Question 5

Parents ask the nurse how their infant developed a Meckel's diverticulum.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that this condition occurs when:
A) the yolk sac remains connected to the intestine.
B) there is inflammation of the ileocecal valve.
C) a pouch forms when the vitelline duct fails to disappear.
D) there is a weakness in the abdominal wall.

Accepted Answer

If the vitelline duct fails to disappear completely after birth,a blind pouch may form.

Question 6

On the second day of hospitalization for a 3-month-old brought in for treatment for gastroenteritis,the nurse makes all of the assessments listed below.Which assessment finding indicates ineffectiveness of treatment?
A) Weight loss of 4 ounces
B) Dry mucous membranes
C) Decreased skin turgor
D) Depressed fontanelle

Accepted Answer

Weight loss is the most significant indicator of dehydration because an infant's weight is comprised of 77% water.

Question 7

A child is brought to the pediatric clinic because he has been vomiting for the past 2 days.An acid-base imbalance that the nurse would expect to occur from this persistent vomiting is:
A) hyperkalemia.
B) hypernatremia.
C) acidosis.
D) alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride from the stomach are lost from persistent vomiting.This results in alkalosis.

Question 8

An infant is admitted to the hospital with severe isotonic dehydration.In planning the infant's care,the nurse is aware the infant is at risk for:
A) metabolic alkalosis.
B) hypocalcemia.
C) sepsis.
D) shock.

Accepted Answer

Shock is the greatest threat to life in isotonic dehydration.

Question 9

A child is brought to the emergency department because he ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol).After gastric lavage is completed,the nurse might expect this child to receive:
A) activated charcoal.
B) N-acetylcysteine.
C) vitamin K.
D) syrup of ipecac.

Accepted Answer

Gastric lavage is followed by N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst),the antidote for acetaminophen.

Question 10

After reviewing dietary restrictions for celiac disease,the nurse determines that a parent understands the information when she states that a grain that can be eaten by a child with celiac disease is:
A) wheat.
B) oats.
C) barley.
D) rice.

Accepted Answer

Rice is a gluten-free grain that can be eaten by children afflicted with celiac disease.These children will have a lifelong restriction of wheat,oats,barley,and rye.

Question 11

The nurse explains that the treatment of choice for a child with intussusception is:
A) a barium enema.
B) immediate surgery.
C) IV fluids until the spasms subside.
D) gastric lavage.

Accepted Answer

A barium enema is the treatment of choice for intussusception because the passage of the barium frequently "un-telescopes" the bowel.Surgery is scheduled only if reduction is not achieved.

Question 12

The finding in a newborn suggestive of tracheoesophageal fistula is:
A) failure to pass meconium in 24 hours.
B) choking on the first feeding.
C) palpable mass in the sternal area.
D) visible peristalsis across abdomen.

Accepted Answer

After birth,a newborn with tracheoesophageal fistula will vomit and choke when the first feeding is introduced.

Question 13

An appropriate intervention for a 3-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux is to:
A) position the infant in the crib on his or her abdomen, with the head elevated.
B) administer medication as ordered to stimulate the pyloric sphincter.
C) give thin rice cereal with formula before feeding solid foods.
D) place the infant in an infant seat after feedings.

Accepted Answer

After feedings,the infant is placed in a prone position to avoid increased intraabdominal pressure.

Question 14

Intussusception would be suspected when parents describe the child's stools as:
A) currant jelly.
B) black and tarry.
C) green liquid.
D) greasy and foul-smelling.

Accepted Answer

Bowel movements of blood and mucus that contain no feces ("currant jelly" stools)are common about 12 hours after the onset of the obstruction.

Question 15

The nurse that is teaching a parent about pyrvinium (Povan)would include the information that the drug will cause:
A) diarrhea.
B) skin rash.
C) red stool.
D) metallic taste.

Accepted Answer

The nurse should advise parents that pyrvinium stains clothing and turns stools red.

Question 16

The nurse is aware that rapid respirations are a possible cause of dehydration because they:
A) prevent the child from drinking.
B) increase circulation, thus increasing urine production.
C) cause evaporation of fluid on the mucous membranes.
D) often lead to vomiting.

Accepted Answer

Rapid respirations cause increased insensible fluid loss.

Question 17

A frightened mother calls the pediatrician's office because her child swallowed dishwashing detergent.The most appropriate action is to:
A) induce vomiting by giving the child syrup of ipecac.
B) take the child to the local emergency department.
C) give the child activated charcoal mixed with juice.
D) give the child milk to soothe affected mucous membranes.

Accepted Answer

Inducing vomiting is no longer recommended because it may pose additional problems.The child should be taken immediately to the nearest emergency department along with the packaging of the ingested substance.

Question 18

The nurse would expect the stools of a child with celiac disease to have which appearance?
A) Ribbon like
B) Hard, constipated
C) Bulky, frothy
D) Loose, foul-smelling

Accepted Answer

Celiac disease causes malabsorption.Stools that are large,bulky,and frothy may indicate malabsorption.

Question 19

The nurse,planning a parent education program about lead poisoning prevention,would include the information that the sources of lead in the community are most likely:
A) increased lead content of air.
B) use of aluminum cookware.
C) deteriorating paint in older buildings.
D) inhaling smog.

Accepted Answer

The primary source of lead is paint from old,deteriorating buildings.

Question 20

A mother reports that her 2-year-old child experiences constipation frequently.The nurse would recommend to the mother to include what food in the child's diet?
A) Cooked vegetables
B) Pretzels
C) Whole-grain cereal
D) Yogurt

Accepted Answer

Dietary modifications for constipation include eating more high-roughage foods such as whole-grain breads and cereals.

Quiz 28: The Child with a Gastrointestinal Condition

A mother reports that her child has been scratching the anal area and complaining of itching.Based on this information,the nurse might suspect this child has:

The instruction the nurse would give to parents about preventing the spread and reinfection of pinworms is to:

The nurse interviewing parents of an infant with pyloric stenosis would expect the parents to report if the infant has had:

A child has been diagnosed with ascariasis (roundworm) .The statement made by her mother that may suggest a cause for her condition is:

Parents ask the nurse how their infant developed a Meckel's diverticulum.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that this condition occurs when:

On the second day of hospitalization for a 3-month-old brought in for treatment for gastroenteritis,the nurse makes all of the assessments listed below.Which assessment finding indicates ineffectiveness of treatment?

A child is brought to the pediatric clinic because he has been vomiting for the past 2 days.An acid-base imbalance that the nurse would expect to occur from this persistent vomiting is:

An infant is admitted to the hospital with severe isotonic dehydration.In planning the infant's care,the nurse is aware the infant is at risk for:

A child is brought to the emergency department because he ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol) .After gastric lavage is completed,the nurse might expect this child to receive:

After reviewing dietary restrictions for celiac disease,the nurse determines that a parent understands the information when she states that a grain that can be eaten by a child with celiac disease is:

The nurse explains that the treatment of choice for a child with intussusception is:

The finding in a newborn suggestive of tracheoesophageal fistula is:

An appropriate intervention for a 3-month-old infant who has gastroesophageal reflux is to:

Intussusception would be suspected when parents describe the child's stools as:

The nurse that is teaching a parent about pyrvinium (Povan) would include the information that the drug will cause:

The nurse is aware that rapid respirations are a possible cause of dehydration because they:

A frightened mother calls the pediatrician's office because her child swallowed dishwashing detergent.The most appropriate action is to:

The nurse would expect the stools of a child with celiac disease to have which appearance?

The nurse,planning a parent education program about lead poisoning prevention,would include the information that the sources of lead in the community are most likely:

A mother reports that her 2-year-old child experiences constipation frequently.The nurse would recommend to the mother to include what food in the child's diet?