Question 1

A patient with dehydration is prescribed 1 L of 0.9% normal saline intravenously to run over 8 hours. At what rate should the nurse set the infusion pump? Enter the numeral only.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with dehydration is prescribed 1...

Question 2

The nurse is preparing to administer furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg intravenously to a patient with heart failure. Available is furosemide (Lasix) 20 mg/mL vials. How many mL will the nurse administer? Enter the numeral only.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing to administer furosemide...

Question 3

The nurse is planning care for a patient with a fluid volume excess and a serum sodium level of 125 mg/dL. Which interventions should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The patient has fluid volume excess and hyponatremia (low sodium level). Weighing daily helps monitor fluid status. Monitoring intake and output ensures fluid balance. Administering diuretics helps remove excess fluid. Implementing fluid restriction prevents further fluid overload. Administering IV saline is not appropriate as it could worsen fluid overload.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a patient with hypokalemia. Which clinical manifestations can the nurse expect to find upon assessment? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia can cause muscle cramping, a weak and thready pulse, and nausea. Diarrhea and hyperactive DTRs are more commonly associated with hyperkalemia.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for hypovolemia?

Accepted Answer

A patient who lost 2 liters of blood during surgery is at the highest risk for hypovolemia because significant blood loss directly reduces the volume of circulating blood, leading to hypovolemia.

Question 6

The nurse is teaching a patient about taking oral potassium supplements. Which topics should the nurse cover in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

B) Regular monitoring of potassium levels is essential to avoid hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. D) Crushing extended-release tablets can lead to a rapid release of the medication, increasing the risk of side effects.

Question 7

During an assessment, the nurse learns that an older patient has been taking twice the prescribed amount of calcium supplements. Which physical assessment findings should the nurse identify as being consistent with this patient's intake of calcium? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of During an assessment, the nurse learns that...

Question 8

A patient having a severe anxiety attack has an arterial blood gas result showing respiratory alkalosis. Which nursing action should the nurse take first?

Accepted Answer

Having the patient rebreathe air from a paper bag is a first-line response to hyperventilation associated with anxiety, which can lead to respiratory alkalosis. This technique helps increase carbon dioxide levels in the blood, correcting the alkalosis.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Which patient is at highest risk for developing metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of stomach acid (hydrochloric acid), which results in an increase in blood bicarbonate levels and a higher pH.

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a patient with a calcium level of 7.8 mg/dL about food choices. Which food choice made by the patient indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Cheddar cheese is high in calcium, which is beneficial for someone with a low calcium level of 7.8 mg/dL (normal range is typically around 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL). The other options are not as high in calcium.

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a group of patients. Prioritize from 1 to 4, with one being the highest priority, the order in which the nurse should assess the patients. __
A) A 47-year-old patient who reports two loose stools and feels nauseated __
B) A 52-year-old patient with fluid volume excess and 2+ pedal edema __
C) A 60-year-old patient with a potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L and heart palpitations __
D) A 71-year-old patient with a calcium level of 10 mg/dL and negative Trousseau sign

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for a group...

Quiz 6: Nursing Care of Patients With Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Imbalances