Question 1

For members of a social class, the everyday interactions, shared economic circumstances, distinctive ways of life, and an awareness of those patterns is known as

Accepted Answer

Class identity refers to the shared sense of belonging and common experiences among members of a social class.

Question 2

In the opening of the chapter, a profile of Donald Trump, Jr. is provided to

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

The disparity in economic status and security between upper and lower classes is called

Accepted Answer

Inequality refers to the disparity in economic status and security among different classes, highlighting the differences in wealth, income, and living standards.

Question 4

The process by which labor produces wealth that is not controlled by the laborers but by others is called

Accepted Answer

Exploitation refers to the process where the laborers produce wealth, but the control and benefits of this wealth are appropriated by others, typically the owners of the means of production, rather than the laborers themselves. This concept is central to Marxist theory, which critiques the capitalist system for this form of exploitation.

Question 5

The social process of determining who does what work and for what reward is called

Accepted Answer

The division of labor refers to the allocation of different tasks and responsibilities to different individuals or groups, typically in an economic context. This process determines who does what work and how the rewards (such as wages or benefits) are distributed.

Question 6

The process of families deciding who will do various chores and duties is an example of

Accepted Answer

Division of labor refers to the allocation of tasks or chores among different people or groups, in this context, within a family. It involves deciding who is responsible for various duties, which can include household chores, childcare, and other responsibilities.

Question 7

The existence of social inequality indicates that it serves some beneficial purpose for society, according to what point of view?

Accepted Answer

Functionalism posits that every aspect of society serves a purpose and contributes to the overall stability and functioning of society. According to this perspective, social inequality is seen as necessary for motivating people to fill different roles that are essential for the maintenance of a stable society.

Question 8

A young adult whose parents can provide funds for college, reliable health care, and emotional support stands a better chance of achieving her material goals in life. This situation is an example of

Accepted Answer

Life chances refer to the opportunities each individual has to improve their quality of life, and this concept encompasses access to resources such as education, healthcare, and financial support, which are all mentioned in the scenario. These factors significantly influence an individual's ability to achieve material goals.

Question 9

Which of the following is problematic about the government's measurement of the poverty line?

Accepted Answer

The poverty line measurement often does not account for regional differences in the cost of living, which can significantly affect the accuracy of poverty assessments.

Question 10

A young adult who can provide letters of recommendation from respected community leaders who are friends with his parents is often more likely to get a desired position or admission. This situation is an example of

Accepted Answer

Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and connections that individuals can draw upon to gain advantages, such as getting a desired position or admission. Letters of recommendation from respected community leaders, facilitated through parental connections, exemplify how social capital can be leveraged for personal benefit.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the poverty line?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 12

Employees of a retail restaurant chain work to generate profit for the corporation, and that wealth is controlled by executives. Conflict theorists call this

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists, drawing on the ideas of Karl Marx, would describe the situation where employees generate profit that is controlled by executives as exploitation. This term refers to the unfair use of workers' labor to benefit the capital owners or executives.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the study of social class?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 14

Which of the following is true about class identity?

Accepted Answer

Class identity often persists over long periods, including years or generations, because it is deeply rooted in social structures and cultural practices that are passed down through families and communities.

Question 15

Income inequality has increased continuously since the 1960s because of

Accepted Answer

Changes in public policy, including tax reforms, deregulation, and changes in labor laws, have significantly contributed to the increase in income inequality since the 1960s.

Question 16

Being a member of a family or other exclusive group gives individual members access to all of the resources of that group. Sociologists call these resources

Accepted Answer

Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and norms that provide individuals with access to resources and support within a group, such as a family or community.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the change in the Gini index scores for the United States since 1950?

Accepted Answer

The Gini index, which measures income inequality, has steadily increased in the United States since the 1970s, indicating growing income inequality.

Question 18

The Gini index is a

Accepted Answer

The Gini index is a statistical measure of distribution intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality.

Question 19

Members of the upper class often marry each other, maintaining the deep pool of social capital available to them. This mate selection practice is called

Accepted Answer

Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within a specific social group, class, or ethnicity, maintaining and reinforcing social boundaries and cohesion, which is what the question describes.

Question 20

Max Weber originated the concept of life chances, which refers to

Accepted Answer

Life chances, a concept originated by Max Weber, refer to the opportunities individuals have for achieving economic prosperity, which is influenced by their social position. This concept encompasses the access to resources such as education, healthcare, and employment, which can affect one's ability to achieve material success.

Quiz 4: Families and Social Class