Question 1

Babies who turn away, increase distance, or pay her no attention to their primary caregivers when she returns after a brief separation in the Strange Situation Procedure, have:

Accepted Answer

Babies demonstrating behaviors such as turning away, increasing distance, or ignoring their primary caregivers upon reunion typically exhibit an insecure-avoidant attachment style. This pattern is characterized by a tendency to avoid or ignore the caregiver, suggesting a strategy to cope with the stress of separation by minimizing the caregiver's importance.

Question 2

An infant's attachment to one special person, usually the mother, emerges by:

Accepted Answer

Attachment typically emerges between 7-9 months of age, when infants start to show a strong preference for one particular caregiver and may show anxiety or distress when separated from them.

Question 3

The phase of attachment that is characterized by children understanding parents' needs is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A goal-corrected partnership is a phase in attachment where children start to understand and incorporate the needs and goals of their parents into their attachment behaviors, indicating a more mature and reciprocal relationship.

Question 4

Babies who are able to explore novel environments and whose separation distress is effectively and efficiently comforted by their parents after a brief separation have a:

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is characterized by the child's ability to explore new environments confidently while knowing they can rely on their caregiver to be there for comfort after a separation. This is a key concept in attachment theory, indicating a healthy attachment style between the child and caregiver.

Question 5

Which alternative to the Strange Situation provides as output the same four-category classification of secure, insecure-ambivalent, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-disorganized:

Accepted Answer

The California Attachment Procedure is an alternative to the Strange Situation that also provides the same four-category classification of attachment styles: secure, insecure-ambivalent, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-disorganized. This method is designed to assess attachment patterns in young children through a series of mildly stressful situations.

Question 6

An infant's distress reaction to being separated from the attachment object, usually the mother, which typically peaks at about 15 months of age is called:

Accepted Answer

Separation distress or protest is the term used to describe an infant's distress reaction when separated from their primary attachment figure, which is a normal developmental stage that peaks around 15 months of age.

Question 7

The phase of attachment that is characterized by recognition of familiar people is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

"Attachment in the making" is the phase where infants begin to recognize and respond differently to familiar people compared to strangers, indicating the early stages of attachment.

Question 8

A study of infant attachment among 60 two-parent working-class families in Scotland found that the number of infants who formed a secondary attachment to their father during the first 18 months of life was:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A study of infant attachment among 60...

Question 9

A scenario in which parent and child are separated and reunited so that investigators can assess the nature and quality of the parent infant attachment relationship is called:

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation is a procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child. It involves a series of separations and reunions between the caregiver and child to assess the quality of their attachment.

Question 10

Fathers on average:

Accepted Answer

Fathers are generally observed to spend more time playing with their infants compared to the time they spend on caregiving tasks like diaper changing.

Question 11

Babies who look dazed, freeze in the middle of their movements, or engage in repetitive behaviors when reunited with the mothers after a brief separation during the Strange Situation Procedure have:

Accepted Answer

Babies displaying behaviors such as looking dazed, freezing in the middle of movements, or engaging in repetitive behaviors when reunited with their mothers are indicative of an insecure-disorganized attachment. This pattern is characterized by a lack of a coherent strategy for dealing with the stress of separation and reunion during the Strange Situation Procedure.

Question 12

Children from which countries were, on average, classified as more avoidant than U.S. children in the Strange Situation:

Accepted Answer

Children from Germany, Sweden, and Great Britain were, on average, classified as more avoidant than U.S. children in the Strange Situation, reflecting cultural differences in child-rearing practices and attitudes towards independence and attachment.

Question 13

The phase of attachment that is characterized by separation protest and intentional communication is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Clear-cut attachment phase is characterized by specific behaviors such as separation protest and the beginning of intentional communication to maintain proximity to the caregiver.

Question 14

A study of infant attachment among 60 two-parent working-class families in Scotland found that the number of infants who formed a specific attachment to their mother during the first year of life was:

Accepted Answer

Studies on infant attachment, particularly those reflecting on patterns observed in various socio-economic backgrounds, have consistently shown a high tendency for infants to form specific attachments to their mothers within the first year of life, often exceeding 90%. This is in line with attachment theory, which posits that children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments to caregivers as a means of survival.

Question 15

Children from which countries were, on average, classified as less avoidant than U.S. children in the Strange Situation:

Accepted Answer

Children from Puerto Rico, Japan, and Uganda were, on average, classified as less avoidant than U.S. children in the Strange Situation, reflecting cultural differences in attachment styles and child-rearing practices.

Question 16

The phase of attachment that is characterized by indiscriminate social responsiveness is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Preattachment is the phase where infants show indiscriminate social responsiveness, meaning they do not show a preference for any specific caregivers and are equally responsive to any caregiver.

Question 17

The two theoretical dimensions used to assess attachment in addition to the four attachment types are:

Accepted Answer

The two theoretical dimensions used to assess attachment are proximity seeking versus avoidance and anger/resistance. These dimensions help in understanding the nature of attachment behaviors and patterns in individuals, particularly in the context of attachment theory.

Question 18

Differences between fathers and mothers include:

Accepted Answer

Across cultures, mothers are usually the primary caregivers.

Question 19

A study of infant attachment among 60 two-parent working-class families in Scotland found that the number of infants who formed a secondary attachment to a grandparent during the first 18 months of life was:

Accepted Answer

The information provided does not specify the exact percentage or number of infants who formed a secondary attachment to a grandparent, making all the given options incorrect without additional context or data.

Question 20

Reasons the Strange Situation reveals cultural differences in the proportion of children exhibiting a secure attachment include the following:

Accepted Answer

The Strange Situation may stress infants differently across cultures due to varying child-rearing practices and expectations, affecting attachment behavior.

Quiz 4: Attachment: Forming Close Relationships