Question 1

Sibel is able to add 4 plus 2 and get 6. She can also subtract 2 from 6 and get 4. This characteristic of thinking is refe

Accepted Answer

Reversibility is the ability to recognize that numbers or objects can be changed and returned to their original condition. Sibel's ability to understand that adding and then subtracting the same number returns to the original number demonstrates this concept.

Question 2

Most children are in the stage of concrete operations from ages

Accepted Answer

Most children are in the stage of concrete operations from ages 7 to 12, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by the development of logical thought and the ability to perform operations on concrete objects.

Question 3

Bilingual children have more academic problems than those who speak only one language.

Accepted Answer

Bilingual children often perform better in academic settings due to enhanced cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills, and multitasking abilities gained from managing two languages.

Question 4

Giftedness is defined as having a high IQ score.

Accepted Answer

Giftedness encompasses a broader range of talents and abilities beyond just a high IQ score, including creativity, leadership, artistic talents, and specific academic skills.

Question 5

Sternberg used factor analysis to define several primary mental abilities.

Accepted Answer

Sternberg is known for his triarchic theory of intelligence, not for using factor analysis to define primary mental abilities. That approach is more closely associated with Louis Leon Thurstone.

Question 6

Why do we refer to the characteristics of children's thinking between the ages of 7 and 12 as "concrete?"

Accepted Answer

During the ages of 7 to 12, children are in the concrete operational stage according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. In this stage, they can think logically about concrete events, meaning they understand the world through direct experience with and manipulation of tangible objects, but they struggle with abstract concepts.

Question 7

Encoding and rehearsal enhance memory.

Accepted Answer

Encoding transforms information into a form that can be stored in memory, and rehearsal helps to consolidate this information, making it easier to retrieve later, thus enhancing memory.

Question 8

Which of the following words accurately captures the thinking of a concrete operational child, as compared to earlier

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational children, as described by Piaget, begin to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation. They show more flexible thinking compared to the preoperational stage, where thinking tends to be more egocentric and rigid.

Question 9

Piaget tested children's abilities of seriation by asking them to place 10 sticks in order of size.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's seriation task involved asking children to arrange objects (such as sticks) in order by size, to assess their understanding of the concept of seriation, which is a key component of his theory of cognitive development.

Question 10

The closer the biological relationship between people, the more similar their IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that genetic factors play a significant role in determining IQ, leading to closer biological relatives often having more similar IQ scores compared to those who are not closely related.

Question 11

According to Kohlberg, in the conventional level of moral reasoning, children base moral judgments on the consequen

Accepted Answer

In the conventional level of moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg, children base their moral judgments on conformity to social rules, norms, and expectations, rather than on the consequences of actions.

Question 12

The first intellectual spurt occurs at age 3.

Accepted Answer

The first intellectual spurt, often referred to as a critical period of brain development, begins much earlier, with rapid brain growth and cognitive development occurring from birth to age 3.

Question 13

Concrete operational thinking is characterized by decentration, flexibility, and reversibility.

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational thinking, a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development (typically from ages 7 to 12), is marked by the ability to think logically about concrete events. It includes decentration (the ability to focus on multiple aspects of a situation simultaneously), flexibility in thinking, and reversibility (understanding that actions can be reversed).

Question 14

Phonics allows children to associate letters with their sounds.

Accepted Answer

Phonics is a method of teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol-sound relationships, used especially in beginning instruction. It helps children learn the sounds of letters in the alphabet.

Question 15

The language most often spoken in United States homes other than English is Chinese.

Accepted Answer

The language most often spoken in United States homes other than English is Spanish.

Question 16

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (SBIS) assumes that intelligence increases with age.

Accepted Answer

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is based on the concept that intelligence develops and manifests more as individuals grow older, hence it incorporates age as a factor in its scoring system.

Question 17

Metamemory means understanding how other people think.

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to one's knowledge and awareness of their own memory capabilities, strategies, and processes, not understanding how other people think.

Question 18

Five-year-olds believe in immanent justice.

Accepted Answer

Five-year-olds often believe in immanent justice, which is the concept that good behavior is immediately rewarded and bad behavior is immediately punished, reflecting a stage in moral development where children interpret outcomes as directly related to moral character.

Question 19

Tyler is 8 years old. In terms of his thinking, he understands that other people may have different perspectives than h on multiple parts of a problem at one time. In all, his thinking is more flexible than it was in the past. Which of Piaget'

Accepted Answer

Tyler is in the Concrete Operations stage, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11 years old and is characterized by the development of logical thought, the ability to understand the concept of conservation, and the ability to see things from perspectives other than one's own.

Question 20

Some words in English, such as one and two, can be read only by the word recognition method.

Accepted Answer

These words do not follow regular phonetic rules, making them difficult to decode using phonics alone, thus requiring recognition by sight.

Quiz 12: Middle-Childhood-Cognitive-Development