Question 1

Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are natural painkillers that primarily reduce the perception of pain, which is initiated by nociceptors.

Question 2

Nicotinic receptors

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptors are a type of acetylcholine receptor that, when activated, open chemically gated sodium ion channels, leading to depolarization and excitation of the neuron or muscle cell.

Question 3

All of the following are true of a prickling pain sensation, except that they

Accepted Answer

Prickling pain sensations are not fast adapting; they are typically carried by type A fibers, which transmit signals quickly to the CNS, often triggering somatic reflexes and receiving conscious attention.

Question 4

A fast- adapting mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a

Accepted Answer

Tactile (Meissner) corpuscles are fast-adapting mechanoreceptors located in the papillary layer of the dermis and are responsible for detecting fine touch and texture.

Question 5

Tracts of the lateral and medial pathways include all of the following, except______ tracts.

Accepted Answer

The corticospinal tract is part of the pyramidal system, not the lateral or medial pathways, which include the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, and tectospinal tracts.

Question 6

Mary accidentally ate poison mushrooms that contain muscarine. What symptoms would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

Muscarine is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, which stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to symptoms like low heart rate, salivation, diarrhea, and sweating.

Question 7

Neurons from the nucleus gracilis

Accepted Answer

Neurons from the nucleus gracilis decussate (cross over) before entering the medial lemniscus, which is part of the pathway that carries fine touch and proprioceptive information to the brain.

Question 8

Pain is to______ as cold is to_______ .

Accepted Answer

Pain is detected by nociceptors, which are sensory receptors for painful stimuli, while cold is detected by thermoreceptors, which are sensory receptors that respond to temperature changes.

Question 9

The statement "there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ" is

Accepted Answer

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems have a peripheral synapse, known as the autonomic ganglion, between the CNS and the effector organ.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?

Accepted Answer

In the parasympathetic division, preganglionic fibers are relatively long and postganglionic fibers are relatively short, which is opposite to what is stated in option B.

Question 11

The celiac ganglion innervates the

Accepted Answer

The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic nervous system and provides innervation to the liver, pancreas, and stomach, among other abdominal organs.

Question 12

Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration?

Accepted Answer

The posterior (dorsal) column-medial lemniscal pathway is responsible for transmitting fine touch and vibration sensations to the brain.

Question 13

Figure 14- 1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 14- 1 to answer the following questions:
-The spinal tract that carries sensations from proprioceptors to the CNS is the

Accepted Answer

The spinocerebellar tract carries proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum, which is part of the central nervous system (CNS).

Question 14

If the primary motor cortex is destroyed, fine control of movement will be lost, but movement may not be lost completely because the medial and lateral pathways can still provide coarse motor control.

Accepted Answer

The primary motor cortex is responsible for fine motor control, so its destruction would impair fine movements. However, the medial and lateral pathways can still mediate coarse motor control, allowing some movement to persist.

Question 15

Each of the following is an ascending tract in the spinal cord, except the

Accepted Answer

The reticulospinal tract is a descending tract, not an ascending one. Ascending tracts carry sensory information to the brain, while descending tracts carry motor commands from the brain to the body.

Question 16

Visceral sensory information enters the CNS on afferent fibers within

Accepted Answer

Visceral sensory information is transmitted to the CNS via afferent fibers in cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X, as well as through the dorsal roots of the spinal cord segments S2 to S4 and T1 to L2.

Question 17

The regulation of awake- asleep cycles appears to involve an interplay between brain stem nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. The one that favors alertness is___________ and the other promoting deep sleep is______ .

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal and wakefulness, while serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is involved in sleep.

Question 18

What loss would result from cutting through the medial lemniscus on the right side?

Accepted Answer

The medial lemniscus carries fine touch and proprioceptive information from the opposite side of the body. Cutting it on the right side would result in loss of these sensations on the left side.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the relation between stimulus intensity and its neural representation?

Accepted Answer

Strong stimuli produce large generator potentials in sensory receptors (A) and a high frequency of action potentials in sensory afferents (C), but not larger action potentials, as action potentials are all-or-none events.

Question 20

The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is proportional to the

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex allocates more area to body regions with a higher number of motor units, which allows for finer motor control, such as the hands and face.

Quiz 14: Neural Integration

Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by

Nicotinic receptors

All of the following are true of a prickling pain sensation, except that they

A fast- adapting mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a

Tracts of the lateral and medial pathways include all of the following, except______ tracts.

Mary accidentally ate poison mushrooms that contain muscarine. What symptoms would you expect to observe?

Neurons from the nucleus gracilis

Pain is to as cold is to_ .

The statement "there is always a peripheral synapse between the CNS and the effector organ" is

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false?