Question 1

The oldest verified age to which a human has ever lived is just over:

Accepted Answer

The oldest verified age a human has ever lived is 122 years, achieved by Jeanne Calment of France.

Question 2

Which of the following is most true when it comes to longevity?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that approximately 35 percent of the variability in longevity is attributed to genetic factors, while the rest is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors.

Question 3

When life expectancy is 30, about ___ percent of children die before their fifth birthday, compared to ___ percent when life expectancy is 80:

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

In a low mortality society such as the United States, the principal causes of death are related to:

Accepted Answer

In low mortality societies like the United States, the principal causes of death are primarily noncommunicable conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, rather than infectious diseases or injuries.

Question 5

Which of the following was LEAST likely to have influenced the decline in mortality in the United States prior to World War II?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin was not widely available until after World War II, so it was least likely to have influenced the decline in mortality in the United States prior to the war.

Question 6

Throughout most of human history, the major causes of death have been related to:

Accepted Answer

Throughout history, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, smallpox, and influenza have been major causes of death. It wasn't until the 20th century that medical advancements helped control the spread of infectious diseases and increase life expectancy. While pregnancy-related diseases and injuries can also cause death, they have not been as consistently significant throughout history as infectious diseases. Smoking, while a significant cause of death in recent decades, is not historically significant as tobacco was not widely used until the last few centuries.

Question 7

The basic lesson of the nutrition transition concept is that:

Accepted Answer

The basic lesson of the nutrition transition concept is that diets must adapt to circumstances. As societies develop and urbanize, their dietary patterns change, leading to an increase in processed and high-calorie foods. This can lead to a higher incidence of diet-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Thus, it is essential to adapt and modify dietary habits to address these health concerns.

Question 8

World War II was a turning point in world mortality decline because:

Accepted Answer

World War II accelerated the spread of medical and technological advancements, such as antibiotics and vaccines, which contributed to controlling diseases and reducing mortality rates globally.

Question 9

In which of the following regions of the world would you be most likely to still find countries where men live longer than women?

Accepted Answer

In Sub-Saharan Africa, due to factors like high maternal mortality rates and gender disparities in healthcare access, men may have a higher life expectancy than women in some countries.

Question 10

Life expectancy during the Roman era was probably little more than ___ years:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Life expectancy during the Roman era was...

Question 11

The health and mortality transition does NOT typically involve which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The health and mortality transition typically involves a concentration of deaths at older ages, not a greater spread in the ages at which people die.

Question 12

Which of the following statistical concepts is NOT directly used to calculate life expectancy?

Accepted Answer

Age-adjusted death rate is used to compare mortality rates between populations with different age structures, but it is not directly used in the calculation of life expectancy.

Question 13

The planned obsolescence theory of human aging suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The planned obsolescence theory of human aging...

Question 14

For most of human history, up to the modern era, life expectancy was probably about:

Accepted Answer

For most of human history, life expectancy was low, around 20-30 years, due to high infant mortality rates, diseases, and lack of medical knowledge.

Question 15

the age at which the average human has the lowest risk of death is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of the age at which the average human...

Question 16

If everyone survived to age 100 and then died shortly after that, the process would be called:

Accepted Answer

Rectangularization of mortality refers to a situation where most people live to a certain old age (like 100) and then die shortly after, creating a "rectangular" survival curve.

Question 17

The most important "real" causes of death in the United States are related to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most important "real" causes of death...

Question 18

The "Hispanic Paradox" refers to the phenomenon of:

Accepted Answer

The "Hispanic Paradox" refers to the observation that Hispanic populations in the United States tend to have lower mortality rates and better health outcomes than expected, given their socioeconomic status and access to healthcare, compared to non-Hispanic populations.

Question 19

The age at which the average human has the highest risk of death is:

Accepted Answer

Infants have the highest risk of death at birth due to various factors such as complications during delivery, congenital conditions, and vulnerability to infections.

Question 20

Which of the following characteristics is least predictive of low levels of mortality?

Accepted Answer

Urban residence is often associated with higher levels of pollution, stress, and lifestyle-related health issues, which can contribute to higher mortality rates compared to rural areas.

Quiz 5: The Health and Mortality Transition