Question 1

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the chocolate is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he...

Question 2

Starbucks has a new program where you receive stars for purchases made at their stores. Later you can redeem these stars for other products. It seems that Starbucks is using a procedure similar to

Accepted Answer

A token economy is a system where individuals earn tokens (in this case, stars) for specific behaviors (purchases) which can later be exchanged for rewards (other products).

Question 3

Let's say that you are working for a drug company and you are trying to development a new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. If you could be very precise with the drug, which of the following brain areas would you try to reduce the activity in?

Accepted Answer

The right amygdala is involved in the processing of fear and anxiety, and reducing its activity could help to reduce the symptoms of PTSD.

Question 4

Jack works hard for a living. He gets paid in cash once a month. While Jack likes the cash, it really is nothing more than a

Accepted Answer

Cash is a secondary reinforcer because it is not inherently valuable but has value because it can be exchanged for primary reinforcers like food and shelter.

Question 5

When it comes to exams, Natalie is very confident that she can always get a high grade. According to Bandura's social-cognitive theory, Natalie is high in

Accepted Answer

According to Bandura's social-cognitive theory, self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Natalie's confidence in her ability to get a high grade indicates high self-efficacy.

Question 6

Many radio stations give away products, money, etc. on their morning shows. Typically, a sound or song will play when it is time to phone in. In terms of operant conditioning, the sound or song would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

The sound or song acts as a discriminative stimulus, signaling to listeners that it is time to call in for a chance to win, thus indicating the availability of reinforcement.

Question 7

You are training an animal using forward short-delay pairing. Which of the following would be the BEST pairing interval?

Accepted Answer

In forward short-delay pairing, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented shortly before the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), typically within a few seconds, to create a strong association. Presenting the CS about 2 seconds before the UCS is optimal for this type of conditioning.

Question 8

Which of the following concepts is most similar to higher-order conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Higher-order conditioning is similar to chaining as both involve building upon previously learned associations to create more complex behaviors or responses.

Question 9

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the warm and fuzzy feeling he gets from the chocolate is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The warm and fuzzy feeling Tomas gets from eating chocolate is an unconditioned response (UCR) because it is a natural, automatic reaction to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which is the chocolate itself.

Question 10

Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he eats a piece of chocolate, he gets a warm and fuzzy feeling. Lately, he has noticed that he gets that feeling whenever he enters the candy store to buy some chocolate. Now he really likes the candy store. For Tomas, the warm and fuzzy feeling he gets when he enters the store is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tomas really likes chocolate. Every time he...

Question 11

Julie is being treated for her fear of flying. It seems that the fear has been extinguished, but the therapist wants to see her again in a few months. Most likely, the therapist is concerned about

Accepted Answer

The therapist is likely concerned about spontaneous recovery, which is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest.

Question 12

You are trying to train a dog to salivate at the sound of a tone. Which of the following procedures would be the WORST to use?

Accepted Answer

Backward pairing, where the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus, is generally the least effective method for establishing a conditioned response like salivation in classical conditioning.

Quiz 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience