Question 1

A psychologist attempts to explain the perceived involuntary quality of hypnosis by arguing that during hypnosis, awareness is divided. Furthermore, during hypnosis, the main stream of consciousness is separated from the hidden aspect of consciousness that is aware of everything that happens or goes on. This interpretation is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

The dissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnosis involves a division of consciousness, where one part of the mind is aware of actions and sensations while another part is not, aligning with the description provided.

Question 2

Experiments designed to examine the effectiveness of various treatments for pain have found that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that both hypnosis and psychological techniques like imagery can be effective in reducing pain, as they can alter the perception of pain and help in managing it.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding the pain-reducing effects of hypnosis is true?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have not pinpointed the exact mechanisms by which hypnosis reduces pain, though it is known to be effective.

Question 4

Psychologists that believe that there is a technique that creates a division of consciousness where a hypnotized individual experiences two simultaneous streams of consciousness that are separate from one another adhere to the of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

Dissociation theory suggests that hypnosis involves a split in consciousness, allowing a person to experience two separate streams of consciousness simultaneously.

Question 5

The fact that the reactions of other people sharing a drug experience can influence a specific individual's response to a drug is best considered as evidence of the impact of
________ on drug reactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the reactions of other...

Question 6

Research has found that hypnosis is not a reliable way to enhance memory and that hypnotized participants typically remember information nonhypnotized
Participants who are asked to use imagery or other memory tricks to facilitate recall.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that hypnosis does not reliably enhance memory, and hypnotized participants often recall information less accurately than those using other memory techniques.

Question 7

According to this theory, hypnosis is not a special state of consciousness but is instead the product of personal expectations and role-playing. This interpretation is known as the
________.

Accepted Answer

The social-cognitive theory suggests that hypnosis results from individuals' expectations and their willingness to play the role of being hypnotized, rather than entering a unique state of consciousness.

Question 8

Research on hypnosis has revealed that:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the effects of hypnosis, particularly in getting people to act against their will, are more related to their response to authority figures rather than any unique power of hypnosis itself.

Question 9

A classic study conducted by Ikemi and Nakagawa (1962) found that when actually exposed to a toxic leaf that they were told was harmless, hypnotized participants ________ allergic reaction.

Accepted Answer

The study found that hypnotized participants showed no allergic reaction when they were told the toxic leaf was harmless, demonstrating the power of suggestion under hypnosis.

Question 10

Research on hypnosis has suggested that hypnotized participants may be induced to perform sometimes dangerous and out-of-character acts because:

Accepted Answer

Hypnotized participants may perform out-of-character acts because they are responding to a perceived authority figure, which aligns with social and psychological theories about obedience and authority.

Question 11

In hypnosis studies examining pain tolerance, when hypnotized participants are asked if there is another part of them that is more aware than their hypnotized part, this "hidden observer" typically reports experiencing:

Accepted Answer

The "hidden observer" phenomenon suggests that there is a part of the mind that is aware of more pain than the hypnotized part reports, indicating more pain awareness.

Question 12

Orne and Evans (1965) found that hypnotized participants could be induced to dip their hand in what they thought was acid and then throw it in another person's face. However, non-hypnotized participants who were told to pretend as if they were hypnotized were ________ to engage in the same behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Orne and Evans (1965) found that non-hypnotized participants who were instructed to act as if they were hypnotized were just as likely to engage in the same behavior, suggesting that the behavior was not due to hypnosis itself but rather the situational context and expectations.

Question 13

Research on pain reduction techniques has found that hypnosis:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that hypnosis can be an effective treatment for pain management, and its effectiveness is not solely due to a placebo effect. Studies have demonstrated that hypnosis can lead to actual changes in the perception of pain.

Question 14

A construct that is central to psychologist Ernest Hilgard's dissociation theory of hypnosis is _.

Accepted Answer

Hilgard's dissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that a "hidden observer" is a separate consciousness that is aware of experiences during hypnosis, even if the person is not consciously aware of them.

Question 15

When asked to report from a part of themselves that is more aware than their hypnotized part, participants typically report experiencing more pain than under standard hypnotic procedures. This result is most consistent with which theory of hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

Dissociation theory suggests that hypnosis involves a split in consciousness, where one part of the mind is not aware of the experiences of the other part. This aligns with the idea that a more aware part of the self reports more pain, indicating a division in awareness.

Question 16

Research on hypnosis has found that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that many of the behaviors and experiences associated with hypnosis can also be achieved by nonhypnotized individuals, indicating that hypnosis is not a unique state of consciousness.

Question 17

All of the following demonstrate how environmental factors affect reactions to drugs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following demonstrate how environmental...

Question 18

All of the following were mentioned as evidence supporting the role of genetics in determining sensitivity to alcohol EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Compensatory physiological responses associated with specific environments are not direct evidence of genetic influence on alcohol sensitivity; they relate more to learned behaviors and environmental factors.

Question 19

In order to manage the chronic pain Sarah lives with as a result of a skiing accident, she undergoes hypnosis. The hypnosis is supposed to increase her pain tolerance as measured by the amount of pain medications she uses before and after the hypnosis. Sure enough, Sarah reports that the level of pain she used to experience has decreased and the pain medication she requires is reduced after just a few hypnotic sessions. Which of the following is NOT true of this result?

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect may contribute to the reduced pain, but it is not solely responsible. Hypnosis can have genuine effects on pain perception and neural activity.

Question 20

The social-cognitive theory of hypnosis asserts that:

Accepted Answer

The social-cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that hypnotic effects are largely due to the individual's expectations, social influences, and the role they play during hypnosis, rather than a special state of consciousness.

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness