Question 1

Research on emotion has found that positive emotions such as happiness tend to be located in the left hemisphere, while negative emotions such as anger and sadness are more associated with activity in the _.

Accepted Answer

Research in neuroscience has shown that the right hemisphere of the brain is more involved in processing negative emotions like anger and sadness.

Question 2

Research has demonstrated that rat pups raised in stimulating environments had larger neurons with more dendritic branches. Similarly, musicians who do complex string work with their left hands tend to have larger corresponding somatosensory areas. These are
Both examples of:

Accepted Answer

Both examples illustrate neural plasticity, which is the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience and environmental influences.

Question 3

Brain research has indicated that mathematical, verbal, and logical abilities tend to be located in the left hemisphere for most people. This is an example of what is technically called:

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be more dominant in one hemisphere of the brain than the other.

Question 4

The Chinese language uses complex pictorial images instead of words, and recent research suggests that there is less left hemisphere lateralization of language in Chinese people than in people who use languages based on alphabets. This is thought to be the case because:

Accepted Answer

Visual stimuli, such as the pictorial images used in the Chinese language, are typically processed in the right hemisphere, leading to less left hemisphere lateralization in Chinese speakers.

Question 5

The unique findings of split-brain research are primarily due to the fact that:

Accepted Answer

Split-brain research findings are unique because each hemisphere of the brain processes visual information from the opposite visual field, with the left hemisphere processing the right visual field and the right hemisphere processing the left visual field.

Question 6

Research by Daniel Levitin on the neuroscience of music has found that tempo and rhythm tend to be processed by which areas of the brain?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum and the basal ganglia are involved in the processing of tempo and rhythm, as they play key roles in motor control and timing.

Question 7

Research on gender differences in the hemispheric localization of language has revealed that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men typically exhibit greater left hemisphere lateralization for language tasks compared to women, who may use both hemispheres more equally.

Question 8

The band of myelinated nerve fibres that connects the right and left brain hemispheres is called the:

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is the band of myelinated nerve fibers that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain, facilitating communication between them.

Question 9

The relatively greater localization of a brain function in one hemisphere or the other is called _.

Accepted Answer

Lateralization refers to the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be more dominant in one hemisphere of the brain than the other.

Question 10

Shamay-Tsoory and colleagues found that criminal offenders diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy were most likely patients with damage to the ________

Accepted Answer

Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex has been associated with antisocial behavior and psychopathy, as it plays a crucial role in decision-making and impulse control.

Question 11

According to the text, the ability of neurons to change their structure and function is called:

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity refers to the ability of neurons to change their structure and function in response to experience or environmental changes.

Question 12

Research by Shamay-Tsoory and colleagues on criminals with antisocial personality disorder may have deficits in what area?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research by Shamay-Tsoory and colleagues on criminals...

Question 13

Research on neural plasticity indicates that brain damage is more devastating:

Accepted Answer

Neural plasticity is generally greater in younger individuals, allowing their brains to adapt and reorganize more effectively after damage. As people age, this plasticity decreases, making brain damage more devastating for older individuals.

Question 14

Mental imagery, the ability to understand spatial relationships, and musical and artistic abilities tend to be located:

Accepted Answer

These abilities are typically associated with the right hemisphere of the brain, which is known for processing spatial, artistic, and musical tasks.

Question 15

Sean is a split-brain patient who volunteers to demonstrate to Dr. Jones' psychology classes the effects of his condition. Dr. Jones controls whether objects are presented to either Sean's right or left visual field. When Dr. Jones presents an ordinary pencil to the right side of Sean's visual field, he is ________ due to the language-rich ________ hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sean is a split-brain patient who volunteers...

Question 16

In most humans, language is localized:

Accepted Answer

In most humans, language functions are primarily localized in the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for processing language, speech, and comprehension.

Question 17

Split-brain research was made possible originally by surgical techniques done to limit the potential brain damage caused by epileptic seizures. This was accomplished by cutting the _.

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. Cutting it can help reduce the spread of epileptic seizures from one hemisphere to the other.

Question 18

Jason suffered from severe epilepsy and had his corpus callosum cut to keep the seizures from spreading to both hemispheres of his brain. This procedure inhibits:

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is responsible for communication between the two hemispheres of the brain. Cutting it prevents the transfer of information between the hemispheres, which is the intended effect of the procedure to control seizures.

Question 19

Split-brain research is made possible because of the unique crossover wiring of the optic nerve that occurs at the optic chiasm, but the distinctive results of split-brain research will only occur with people who have had their cut.

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is the part of the brain that is cut in split-brain research, which allows researchers to study the effects of the two hemispheres of the brain being unable to communicate with each other.

Question 20

When Kimura, of the University of Western Ontario, presented stimuli like letters, words, faces, and music to research participants such that the stimuli arrived first in either the left or right hemisphere, she found that:

Accepted Answer

Kimura's research demonstrated that different types of stimuli are processed more efficiently in one hemisphere than the other, indicating hemispheric lateralization.

Quiz 3: Biological Foundations of Behaviour