Question 1

According to Sternberg, consummate love occurs when all forms of love are present in a relationship. This is the _.

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triangular theory of love posits that consummate love is achieved when all three components—intimacy, passion, and commitment—are present in a relationship.

Question 2

The implicit association test is used specifically to assess:

Accepted Answer

The implicit association test (IAT) is designed to measure unconscious biases and prejudices that individuals may not be aware of or may not want to disclose, hence assessing covert prejudice.

Question 3

All of the following marriage suggestions are supported by the results from marital research EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that expressing anger in a constructive manner can be beneficial for relationships. Suppressing anger can lead to resentment and communication breakdowns, whereas addressing issues openly can lead to resolution and understanding.

Question 4

All of the following were mentioned as ways that people can maintain prejudices when confronted with contradictory information EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Assuming someone's performance is the product of ability is not a way to maintain prejudices; it is typically a neutral or positive attribution. The other options involve attributing success to factors that allow one to maintain prejudices.

Question 5

The principal has just told Mrs. Snyder, a kindergarten teacher, that a new little girl will be joining her kindergarten class. The little girl is African-American and Mrs. Snyder believes that African-American children are not as bright as European-American children. Consequently, when speaking to the little girl, Mrs. Snyder speaks slower and tends not to explain answers to the little girl's questions in as much detail as she does to other children. Mrs. Snyder is showing __ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principal has just told Mrs. Snyder,...

Question 6

The tendency to prefer people in a group to which we belong and to attribute more positive qualities to people in this group is called:

Accepted Answer

In-group favouritism is the tendency to favor members of one's own group and attribute more positive qualities to them compared to those outside the group.

Question 7

The finding that male participants appeared to be more sexually attracted to an attractive female experimenter when she contacted them on the scary Capilano Suspension Bridge was presented as research evidence consistent with the model theory of love.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-arousal theory suggests that arousal can be misattributed to attraction, as demonstrated by the increased attraction to the experimenter due to the heightened arousal from the scary bridge.

Question 8

The primary assumption behind the implicit association test is that people will respond more slowly to word pairs that they perceive as not "fitting together." The test further assumes that large discrepancies in reaction times are indicative of negative underlying attitudes.

Accepted Answer

The implicit association test assumes that people will respond more slowly to word pairs that they perceive as not "fitting together," indicating that they have more negative underlying attitudes towards those associations.

Question 9

Mary has an extremely negative attitude toward men. She turns down Jason's request for a raise simply because he is a man. Her behaviour toward Jason can be called discrimination which is based on her attitude or _.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions or attitudes about a group, often leading to discrimination, as seen in Mary's behavior toward Jason.

Question 10

In-group favouritism and the out-group homogeneity bias were both mentioned as possible contributing causes of:

Accepted Answer

In-group favouritism and out-group homogeneity bias both contribute to prejudice by fostering preferential treatment towards one's own group and perceiving out-group members as more similar to each other, often leading to negative stereotypes and discrimination.

Question 11

A sexist man assumes that an assertive and strong woman whom he has just met must be a "feminist" and thus he is able to maintain his more general belief that women are passive and dependent. This example best demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates how people can maintain stereotypes despite encountering contradictory information by attributing the behavior of an assertive woman to her being a "feminist," thus preserving the stereotype that women are generally passive and dependent.

Question 12

Alan and Allison have been married ten years. According to research by Gottman and his colleagues, which of the following ways of dealing with their anger is likely to help keep their marriage happy?

Accepted Answer

Making frequent repair attempts is a strategy identified by Gottman as effective in maintaining a happy marriage. It involves efforts to de-escalate tension and resolve conflicts constructively.

Question 13

Based on his triangular theory, Sternberg proposes that the "ultimate" form of love is:

Accepted Answer

Consummate love is the "ultimate" form of love because it includes all three components of Sternberg's triangular theory: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Question 14

Sternberg's triangular theory of love can best be viewed as taking the original passionate-companionate love distinction and:

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triangular theory of love divides love into three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Companionate love, according to this theory, is primarily composed of intimacy and commitment, without the intense passion.

Question 15

Prejudice is fostered in large part by competition for limited resources according to theory.

Accepted Answer

Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from competition between groups for limited resources.

Question 16

Roger is on a date with Heidi at an amusement park. They go on a rather scary roller coaster ride and after the ride, Roger's heart is pounding hard and he is emotionally aroused. Mistakenly, he starts to assume that these feelings are actually being produced by his reaction to Heidi and as a result, he starts to fall more in deeply in love with her. This example best demonstrates the:

Accepted Answer

This example demonstrates the phenomenon called transfer of excitation, where arousal from one source is misattributed to another source, leading to heightened emotional responses.

Question 17

A person with covert prejudicial feelings towards gays and lesbians would most likely have the slowest reaction times to which of the following word pairs presented using the implicit association test?

Accepted Answer

A person with covert prejudicial feelings towards gays and lesbians would have slower reaction times when associating positive words with them, such as "gay-good," due to their implicit biases.

Question 18

According to marital researcher Gottman, what are the four behaviours (termed the "Four Horseman of the Apocalypse") that are significantly associated with poor marital outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Gottman's "Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" are criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling, which are behaviors that predict relationship breakdown.

Question 19

The text makes an important distinction between prejudice, which refers to a negative attitude towards people based on their membership in a group, and which refers to how people are treated unfairly based on their group membership.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination refers to the unfair treatment of people based on their group membership, distinguishing it from prejudice, which is an attitude.

Question 20

The out-group homogeneity bias refers to the tendency:

Accepted Answer

Out-group homogeneity bias is the tendency to perceive members of an out-group as more similar to each other than members of one's in-group, leading to stereotyping.

Quiz 13: Behaviour in a Social Context