The Textbook's Discussion of African-American Spirituals Notes That These Songs

The textbook's discussion of African-American spirituals notes that these songs

A) were written by the white slave owners to help keep their slaves pacified.
B) offered hope that was unrealistic in light of the circumstances of slaves.
C) frequently tried unabashedly to incite rebellion.
D) contained implicit theodicies that blamed the slaves for their plight.
E) often contained coded messages that were not discernable to the slave owners.