Question 1

A local geographic or global human population believed to share genetically transmitted and biologically based traits and physical characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Race is the term used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations or groups by anatomical, cultural, ethnic, genetic, geographical, historical, linguistic, religious, or social affiliation. It is believed to be based on genetically transmitted physical characteristics. Ethnicity, on the other hand, refers to cultural factors such as nationality, culture, ancestry, language, and beliefs. Minority groups are defined not by physical characteristics but by their lack of power and access to resources compared to the dominant group. Discrimination is an unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex, and does not refer to a population group.

Question 2

Usually negative consideration or treatment that is based on class or category rather than individual merit.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination refers to the negative consideration or treatment of individuals based on their class, category, or group rather than their individual merit or actions.

Question 3

Sam's parents earn less than $10,000 per year. Based on that information alone, we would expect Sam's SAT scores to be in which range?

Accepted Answer

There is a correlation between family income and SAT scores. Students from families with lower incomes tend to have lower SAT scores than students from families with higher incomes. This is likely due to a number of factors, including access to educational resources, quality of schools, and parental involvement.

Question 4

According to Baumrind, this parenting style is undemanding and nonrestrictive.

Accepted Answer

Permissive parenting is characterized by low demands with high responsiveness. Parents who adopt this style tend to be very loving, yet provide few guidelines and rules. These parents do not expect mature behavior from their children and often seem more like a friend than a parental figure.

Question 5

Baumrind found that parents who display which of the following styles tend to raise children who are more cognitively competent?

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's research on parenting styles found that authoritative parenting, which combines warmth and structure, tends to result in children who are more cognitively competent, self-reliant, and socially responsible compared to other parenting styles.

Question 6

To provide social scientists with a consistent measure of occupational prestige, this Socioeconomic Index was developed.

Accepted Answer

The Socioeconomic Index mentioned is developed by Hauser and Warren, providing a consistent measure of occupational prestige for use by social scientists.

Question 7

According to Baumrind, this parenting style is very demanding and unresponsive.

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's authoritarian parenting style is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness, where parents have high expectations but are not responsive to their children's emotional needs.

Question 8

Other than family income, which of the following is an indicator of success in school?

Accepted Answer

Number of siblings is an indicator of success in school because it can affect the amount of attention and resources that each child receives from their parents.

Question 9

Bronfenbrenner suggests which of the following has changed the way middle-class mothers interact with their children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bronfenbrenner suggests which of the following has...

Question 10

Originally used to refer to smaller number of individuals, now used more to indicate individuals from traditionally disadvantaged backgrounds.

Accepted Answer

The term "minority group" has evolved from its original use, which primarily referred to a smaller number of individuals within a population, to now more commonly denote individuals from traditionally disadvantaged backgrounds, regardless of their numerical representation in the population.

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential explanation for the relationship between SATs and SES, as stated in the text?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a potential...

Question 12

Socially communicated behaviors, beliefs, values, knowledge, and other traits that characterize a particular time period or a particular class, community, or population of people.

Accepted Answer

Culture encompasses the behaviors, beliefs, values, knowledge, and other traits shared by a group of people, which are passed down from one generation to the next and can vary widely between different communities or populations.

Question 13

The relationship of parenting style to adolescent school performance suggests that which of the following parenting styles resulted in the lowest grades?

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent parenting style often results in the lowest grades among adolescents because it does not provide a stable, predictable environment, which is crucial for children's academic success. This style can lead to confusion and insecurity in children, negatively impacting their school performance.

Question 14

Mike and Bobbie listen to their children and ask for input before they set down rules. They have what may be called a/an _______ parenting style.

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting is characterized by a balance of responsiveness and demandingness. Parents who are authoritative listen to their children and take their opinions into account before setting rules, combining high expectations with understanding and support.

Question 15

Paul and Sally expect their children to listen to them and not question their rules. They probably have which of the following parenting styles?

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parenting is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness. Parents who adopt this style expect obedience without explanation and are often not responsive to their children's needs beyond physical care.

Question 16

Defined by psychologists as a measure of a person's social class level based on income and educational level.

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status is the term used by psychologists to describe an individual's or family's social position and class, determined by a combination of variables including income, education, and occupation.

Question 17

A distinct national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage shared by a sizeable group of people.

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity refers to a shared cultural heritage, which can include language, religion, and traditions, among other characteristics. It is distinct from race, which is often considered in terms of physical characteristics; minority group, which refers to a group of people who are marginalized in society; and discrimination, which is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

Question 18

It is important for teachers to understand the effects of different home environments and cultural experiences of their students. For example, these students are taught to wait patiently to be recognized and not to interrupt their teacher.

Accepted Answer

This behavior is often associated with Asian American cultural norms, where respect for authority figures and elders is emphasized, including in educational settings. Students from these backgrounds may be taught to wait patiently and not interrupt as a sign of respect.

Question 19

According to Baumrind, this parenting style encourages the development of independence and individuality.

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's authoritative parenting style is characterized by high expectations of maturity, high levels of warmth and communication, and the encouragement of independence and individuality.

Question 20

In 1970, roughly _____ percent of children under 6 years of age were being raised by one unmarried parent; in 1994, roughly _____ percent of children under age 6 were being raised by one unmarried parent.

Accepted Answer

In 1970, about 10 percent of children under 6 years of age were being raised by one unmarried parent. By 1994, this figure had risen to approximately 28 percent, reflecting significant changes in family structures over the decades.

Quiz 6: Group Differences: Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Gender, and Language