Question 1

As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect), which in turn allows more CO₂ to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ions to be generated (the Bohr effect).

Accepted Answer

The statement confuses the Haldane and Bohr effects. The Bohr effect describes how increased CO2 levels and decreased pH lead to more oxygen dissociating from hemoglobin, while the Haldane effect explains how deoxygenation of blood increases its ability to carry CO2.

Question 2

Timothy has been having difficulty breathing since he had pneumonia last month. Recently he had severe pain in his chest and back, and his breathing was extremely irregular. The doctor at the emergency room told him that one of the lobes of his lung had collapsed. How could this happen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Timothy has been having difficulty breathing since...

Question 3

A patient was admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. His PO₂ was 55 and PCO₂ was 65. A new resident orders 54% oxygen via the venturi mask. One hour later, after the oxygen was placed, the nurse finds the patient with no respiration or pulse. She calls for a Code Blue and begins cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Explain why the patient stopped breathing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient was admitted to the hospital...

Question 4

After a long scuba diving session on a Caribbean reef, Carl boards a plane to Dallas. He begins to feel pain in his elbow on the flight back to Dallas. What is happening to him?

Accepted Answer

The answer of After a long scuba diving session on...

Question 5

A patient with tuberculosis is often noncompliant with treatment. Explain why this may happen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient with tuberculosis is often noncompliant...

Question 6

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more basic.

Accepted Answer

Oxygenated hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily when the pH is more acidic, not more basic. This is known as the Bohr effect, where a decrease in pH (increase in acidity) causes the hemoglobin to release more oxygen to the tissues in need.

Question 7

Increased temperature results in decreased O₂ unloading from hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Increased temperature actually results in increased O₂ unloading from hemoglobin.

Question 8

The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air.

Accepted Answer

The nasal conchae are bony structures within the nasal cavity that help to increase air turbulence and increase the surface area of the mucosa, which helps to moisten and warm the air as it enters the body.

Question 9

While dining out in a restaurant a man suddenly chokes on a piece of meat. The waitress is also a student nurse and comes to the man's aid. She asks him if he can talk. The man responds by shaking his head no and grabbing at his neck. What is the significance of the man's inability to talk?

Accepted Answer

The answer of While dining out in a restaurant a...

Question 10

The Hering- Breuer reflex is a potentially dangerous response that may cause overinflation of the lung.

Accepted Answer

The Hering-Breuer reflex is a protective mechanism that prevents overinflation of the lungs by inhibiting inspiration when the lungs are inflated to a certain volume.

Question 11

Jane had been suffering through a severe cold and was complaining of a frontal headache and a dull, aching pain at the side of her face. What regions are likely to become sites of secondary infection following nasal infection?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jane had been suffering through a severe...

Question 12

During normal quiet breathing, approximately 750 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.

Accepted Answer

During normal quiet breathing, approximately 500 ml of air moves into and out of the lungs with each breath, not 750 ml. This volume is referred to as the tidal volume.

Question 13

A smoker sees his doctor because he had a persistent cough for months and is short of breath after very little exertion. What diagnosis will the doctor make and what can the person expect if he does not quit smoking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A smoker sees his doctor because he...

Question 14

Tracheal obstruction is life threatening.

Accepted Answer

Tracheal obstruction can lead to airway obstruction and respiratory arrest, making it a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent complications and ensure the patient's survival.

Question 15

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic wall.

Accepted Answer

The parietal pleura is the outer layer of the pleura and lines the thoracic wall.

Question 16

John has undergone surgery and has developed pneumonia. He also has a history of emphysema. Which symptoms and signs would the nurse expect to find?

Accepted Answer

The answer of John has undergone surgery and has developed...

Question 17

The alveolar ventilation rate is the best index of effective ventilation.

Accepted Answer

The alveolar ventilation rate takes into account both the amount of air that reaches the alveoli and the rate at which it is exchanged with the blood, making it a more accurate measure of effective ventilation than other measures such as tidal volume or minute ventilation.

Question 18

While having a physical examination, a young male informed his doctor that at age 8 he had lobar pneumonia and pleurisy in his left lung. The physician decided to measure his VC. Describe the apparatus and method used for taking this measurement. Define the following terms used in the description of lung volumes: TV, IRV, ERV, RV, and VC.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While having a physical examination, a young...

Question 19

How will the lungs compensate for an acute rise in the partial pressure of CO₂ in arterial blood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How will the lungs compensate for an...

Question 20

Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.

Accepted Answer

This pressure difference helps to keep the lungs inflated and prevents collapse of the alveoli.

Quiz 22: The Respiratory System

As carbon dioxide enters systemic blood, it causes more oxygen to dissociate from hemoglobin (the Haldane effect), which in turn allows more CO2 to combine with hemoglobin and more bicarbonate ions to be generated (the Bohr effect).