Question 1

At what point during pregnancy is the age of viability reached?

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what point during pregnancy is the...

Question 2

Harriet has been pregnant for about two months.If Harriet wanted to know what her baby looked like,which of the following would be an accurate description?

Accepted Answer

At two months, the baby is already starting to look like a tiny human with arm and leg buds, a head, and facial features forming. The baby's head is not disproportionately small or large, nor is it shaped like a fish.

Question 3

Approximately how many centimetres in length is the fetus by the seventh month post-conception?

Accepted Answer

By the seventh month post-conception, the fetus is approximately 42 centimetres in length. Option A (25 centimetres) and B (30 centimetres) are too small, while option D (56 centimetres) is too large.

Question 4

Jennifer is pregnant and tells her husband that she has felt the baby kick for the first time.Based on this information,which trimester of pregnancy is Jennifer in?

Accepted Answer

Fetal movements or kicking are typically felt by the mother during the second trimester of pregnancy. The first trimester is when the fetus is developing major organs and the third trimester is when the fetus is growing rapidly and preparing for birth. The option D "the first trimester of childbirth" is not a valid trimester as childbirth refers to the process of giving birth and not a stage of pregnancy.

Question 5

When do the most dramatic changes in organ systems and body structures take place during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When do the most dramatic changes in...

Question 6

Suppose that Baby Q received both an X and a Y chromosome at conception,but no testosterone is released during the third month of the pregnancy.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby Q's reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

The absence of testosterone during the third month of pregnancy means that the default pathway of female development will be followed. Therefore, Baby Q will develop a female reproductive system.

Question 7

During the second month of prenatal development,what does the embryo begin to look like?

Accepted Answer

During the second month of prenatal development, the embryo develops more human-like features, but the sex is not typically identifiable externally. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 8

If a baby were born at 20 weeks,what would be the prognosis for survival?

Accepted Answer

Babies born at 20 weeks are considered extremely premature, and the prognosis for survival is very poor because their organs are not developed enough to function outside the womb.

Question 9

Which of the following best characterizes a baby born at 28 weeks post-conception?

Accepted Answer

A baby born at 28 weeks post-conception would have reached the age of viability, which is typically considered to be around 24 weeks. However, lung function may be compromised due to incomplete development, leading to respiratory distress syndrome requiring medical intervention. The baby would also likely have underdeveloped nails, eyebrows, and scalp hair, but any sensory abilities would rapidly develop in the neonatal period. Poor circulation and heart function may be a concern for premature infants, but this would not necessarily be characteristic of a baby born at 28 weeks specifically.

Question 10

What is the term for the fine body hair that appears during the fetal period?

Accepted Answer

The fine body hair that appears during the fetal period is called lanugo. Vernix refers to the waxy substance that covers the skin of a newborn, lanix and vernigo are not correct terms.

Question 11

When does the fetus achieve the minimal age of viability?

Accepted Answer

The minimal age of viability is the earliest point at which a fetus is able to survive outside of the womb. This typically occurs between weeks 22 and 28 of the pregnancy, when the fetus has reached a stage of development where its lungs and other organs are mature enough to function outside of the protective environment of the mother's body. While premature babies born before this point may survive with intensive medical support, their chances of survival are much lower.

Question 12

What is the primary change that occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

During the third trimester, the fetus experiences the most significant increase in weight and height, as it gains body fat and continues to grow in size. Other changes, such as the development of organ systems and sense organs, occur earlier in pregnancy. While there may be continued growth and development of the hands and feet, this is not the primary change that occurs during the third trimester.

Question 13

During the embryonic period the genital ridge begins to differentiate into the male testes or the female ovaries.What does this differentiation require?

Accepted Answer

The differentiation of the genital ridge into male or female gonads depends on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. If a Y chromosome is present, the gonads will differentiate into testes and produce testosterone. If a Y chromosome is not present, the gonads will differentiate into ovaries and produce estrogen.

Question 14

Suppose that Baby T received two X chromosomes at the time of conception and,high levels of testosterone are released during the third month of the pregnancy.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby T's reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

The presence of two X chromosomes at the time of conception indicates that Baby T is genetically female. However, the release of high levels of testosterone during the third month of pregnancy can lead to the development of a male reproductive system. Therefore, Baby T is likely to develop a male reproductive system.

Question 15

Janice had an ultrasound done about 60 days after she conceived her baby.What information about her baby could Janice learn from the ultrasound at this point in pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Janice had an ultrasound done about 60...

Question 16

What is the term for the white,cheesy substance that appears during the fetal period?

Accepted Answer

The white, cheesy substance that appears during the fetal period is called vernix. It forms on the skin of the fetus to protect it from constant exposure to amniotic fluid.

Question 17

Suppose that Baby J received both an X and a Y chromosome at the time of conception.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby J's reproductive system during the third month of the pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The presence of both an X and a Y chromosome typically leads to the development of a male reproductive system, with the Y chromosome activating the SRY gene, which triggers the secretion of testosterone and the development of male reproductive structures.

Question 18

Suppose that Baby P received two X chromosomes at the time of conception.Based on this information,what can you conclude regarding the development of Baby P's reproductive system during the third month of the pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

In the presence of two X chromosomes, the default developmental pathway is towards a female reproductive system, and this process does not require the secretion of sex hormones during the early stages of development.

Question 19

Which milestone is reached by the developing fetus between 22 and 28 weeks post-conception?

Accepted Answer

The minimal age of viability, or the earliest age at which a fetus has a chance of surviving outside of the womb with medical intervention, is typically considered to be around 24 weeks post-conception. Therefore, between 22 and 28 weeks post-conception, the fetus would reach this milestone. The other options listed also occur during fetal development, but they typically occur earlier than 22 weeks or later than 28 weeks.

Question 20

Apgar and Beck stated: "All of the structures which will be present when the baby is born ...have already been formed ...not an it,but a he or she; not an indistinct cluster of cells,but an increasingly recognizable,unique human being in the making." When is the earliest point in the pregnancy that such a description would be accurate?

Accepted Answer

At around 8 weeks of pregnancy, all major organs and structures are formed, and the embryo is now considered a fetus. By this time, the fetus has a distinct human appearance and is recognizable as a unique individual.

Quiz 4: Prenatal Development