Question 1

The argument contains an example of the fallacy named in parentheses. Explain how the fallacy occurs in the argument.
-(Diversion)We've just remodeled the restaurant, so our food is delicious!

Accepted Answer

The conclusion of this argument (our food is
delicious)is not related to the premise (We've just remodeled the restaurant). This
argument represents the fallacy of diversion because it attempts to divert attention
from the real issue (the taste of the food)by focusing on another issue (the
remodeling of the restaurant). The issue to which attention is diverted is sometimes
called a red herring.

Question 2

A seemingly simple argument is given. Identify at least two hidden assumptions.
-Jeremy needs a new bike, because the new models have a safer braking system.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary. One possibility:
Safer bikes are better bikes.
Buying a new braking system for Jeremy's old bike is not a reasonable option.

Question 3

The argument contains an example of the fallacy named in parentheses. Explain how the fallacy occurs in the argument.
-(Appeal to Emotion)A television commercial shows a happy, attractive family dining at
Ma & Pa's Restaurant.

Accepted Answer

If we can consider this an argument at all, it
has the form
Premise: You want your family to be happy and attractive.
Conclusion: You should eat at Ma & Pa's Restaurant.
The argument appeals to emotion, not logic. The advertisers hope that the image of
happy and attractive people will evoke positive emotions and make you want to eat
at the restaurant. In other cases, the appeal is to negative emotions.

Question 4

The statement contains a double or multiple negation. Analyze the statement, explaining what it means.
-"As your Senator, I cannot in good conscience oppose those who are against deregulation."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statement contains a double or multiple...

Question 5

Draw a Venn diagram to determine whether the argument is valid.
-Premise: No surfers speak French.
Premise: Pierre speaks French.
Conclusion: Pierre is not a surfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a Venn diagram to determine whether...

Question 6

Analyze the situation and explain how you would make a decision.
-You need a rental car for four days. The daily rate is $20 per day plus 20¢ per mile. The
weekly rate is $100, and mileage is included. Which is the better option?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Analyze the situation and explain how you...

Question 7

The statement connects two individual propositions with the word or. State whether the entire statement is true or false,and explain why.
-Cats reads books or dogs bark.

Accepted Answer

. Although cats do not read books, dogs do bark. The disjunction is false only if
both individual propositions are false.

Question 8

Provide an appropriate response.
-IRS guidelines state that a married person under 65 years of age who can be claimed as a
dependent on another person's tax return must file a return if
(i)unearned income was over $750; or
(ii)earned income was over $3925; or
(iii)total of earned and unearned income was at least $5 and your spouse files a separate
return and itemizes deductions; or
(iv)total of earned and unearned income was more than the greater of
a)$750; or
b)earned income (up to $3675)plus $250.
Julia is 45 years old and can be claimed as a dependent by her father. She had earned
income of $3800 and unearned income of $200. Julia's husband Bret files a separate return
but does not itemize deductions. Must Julia file a return? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an appropriate response.
-IRS guidelines state that...

Question 9

Create a simple three-line argument for the given form. Choose your example so that it illustrates clearly whether or notthe argument is valid.
-Affirming the conclusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Create a simple three-line argument for the...

Question 10

The statement contains a double or multiple negation. Analyze the statement, explaining what it means.
-The House of Representatives voted to override the veto of the communications bill.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statement contains a double or multiple...

Question 11

Describe how the sentence is ambiguous.
-Our goal is to increase voter participation from 25% of the eligible voters, or 4000, to 50%.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how the sentence is ambiguous.
-Our goal...

Question 12

Create a simple three-line argument for the given form. Choose your example so that it illustrates clearly whether or notthe argument is valid.
-Denying the conclusion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Create a simple three-line argument for the...

Question 13

A set of propositions is listed. Draw a Venn diagram that represents all the information in the propositions and use it(and no other assumptions)to answer the question. Explain your reasoning.
-No dogs are cats. No gerbils are cats. All dogs have fleas. Some cats are thirsty. No thirsty
creatures have fleas.
Question: Could a gerbil be a dog?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A set of propositions is listed. Draw...

Question 14

Decide whether the statement makes sense. Explain your reasoning.
-Javier takes a shower to save time. When he gets into the shower at 6:50, he is out by 7:10.
When he used to take baths, it would take him a quarter of an hour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Decide whether the statement makes sense. Explain...

Question 15

Draw a Venn diagram for the given sets. In words, explain why you drew one set as a subset of the other, disjoint sets, oroverlapping sets.
-even numbers and odd numbers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a Venn diagram for the given...

Question 16

A categorical proposition is given. If it is not already in standard form, rephrase it. State the subject and predicate sets,and draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly.
-All horses are animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A categorical proposition is given. If it...

Question 17

A seemingly simple argument is given. Identify at least two hidden assumptions.
-We should not vote for the incumbent because he has already been in office for three
consecutive terms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A seemingly simple argument is given. Identify...

Question 18

Analyze the situation and explain how you would make a decision.
-Your current cell phone company charges $30 per month for unlimited minutes. Another
company charges $20 per month for the first 500 minutes plus 5¢ a minute for any
additional minutes. Should you keep your current service or switch to the other company?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Analyze the situation and explain how you...

Question 19

Draw a Venn diagram for the given sets. In words, explain why you drew one set as a subset of the other, disjoint sets, oroverlapping sets.
-athletes and high school students

Accepted Answer

The answer of Draw a Venn diagram for the given...

Question 20

A categorical proposition is given. If it is not already in standard form, rephrase it. State the subject and predicate sets,and draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly.
-Beggars can't be choosers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A categorical proposition is given. If it...

Quiz 1: Thinking Critically

The argument contains an example of the fallacy named in parentheses. Explain how the fallacy occurs in the argument. -(Diversion)We've just remodeled the restaurant, so our food is delicious!

A seemingly simple argument is given. Identify at least two hidden assumptions. -Jeremy needs a new bike, because the new models have a safer braking system.

The argument contains an example of the fallacy named in parentheses. Explain how the fallacy occurs in the argument. -(Appeal to Emotion)A television commercial shows a happy, attractive family dining at Ma & Pa's Restaurant.

The statement contains a double or multiple negation. Analyze the statement, explaining what it means. -"As your Senator, I cannot in good conscience oppose those who are against deregulation."

Draw a Venn diagram to determine whether the argument is valid. -Premise: No surfers speak French. Premise: Pierre speaks French. Conclusion: Pierre is not a surfer.

Analyze the situation and explain how you would make a decision. -You need a rental car for four days. The daily rate is $20 per day plus 20¢ per mile. The weekly rate is $100, and mileage is included. Which is the better option?

The statement connects two individual propositions with the word or. State whether the entire statement is true or false,and explain why. -Cats reads books or dogs bark.

Create a simple three-line argument for the given form. Choose your example so that it illustrates clearly whether or notthe argument is valid. -Affirming the conclusion

The statement contains a double or multiple negation. Analyze the statement, explaining what it means. -The House of Representatives voted to override the veto of the communications bill.

Describe how the sentence is ambiguous. -Our goal is to increase voter participation from 25% of the eligible voters, or 4000, to 50%.

Create a simple three-line argument for the given form. Choose your example so that it illustrates clearly whether or notthe argument is valid. -Denying the conclusion

Decide whether the statement makes sense. Explain your reasoning. -Javier takes a shower to save time. When he gets into the shower at 6:50, he is out by 7:10. When he used to take baths, it would take him a quarter of an hour.

Draw a Venn diagram for the given sets. In words, explain why you drew one set as a subset of the other, disjoint sets, oroverlapping sets. -even numbers and odd numbers

A categorical proposition is given. If it is not already in standard form, rephrase it. State the subject and predicate sets,and draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly. -All horses are animals.

A seemingly simple argument is given. Identify at least two hidden assumptions. -We should not vote for the incumbent because he has already been in office for three consecutive terms.

Draw a Venn diagram for the given sets. In words, explain why you drew one set as a subset of the other, disjoint sets, oroverlapping sets. -athletes and high school students

A categorical proposition is given. If it is not already in standard form, rephrase it. State the subject and predicate sets,and draw a Venn diagram for the proposition. Label all regions of the diagram clearly. -Beggars can't be choosers.