Question 1

When 12-month-olds saw an experimenter look at and demonstrate an interest in one of two toy stuffed kittens, they:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When 12-month-olds saw an experimenter look at...

Question 2

The desire to behave in a particular way is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Intention refers to the desire or plan to behave in a certain way, indicating a commitment to carrying out a specific action.

Question 3

The development of a theory of mind is severely impaired for:

Accepted Answer

Children with autism have difficulty understanding the mental states of others, which is a key component of theory of mind.

Question 4

The research of Krascum and Andrews on children's ability to learn about wugs and gillies demonstrated that giving children the_____ was particularly important.

Accepted Answer

Krascum and Andrews found that explaining the functions of the objects' features helped children learn and remember information about wugs and gillies more effectively.

Question 5

Harry, a 3-year-old, is shown a raisin box and then is shown that the box contains pennies. If asked what he had thought the box contained before being shown its true contents, Harry will most probably say he had thought it contained:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Harry, a 3-year-old, is shown a raisin...

Question 6

Amelia, a 5-year-old, is told a story about a girl
named Brenda. Brenda is looking for her favorite doll. Although Brenda thinks the doll is under the bed, it really is in the kitchen cabinet. When Amelia is asked where Brenda will look for her doll, Amelia will most probably predict that Brenda will look in which location?

Accepted Answer

Amelia, being 5 years old, is likely to have developed a theory of mind, which means she can understand that Brenda will look where she believes the doll is, under the bed, even though Amelia knows it's in the kitchen cabinet.

Question 7

A commonsense understanding of oneself and other people is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Naive psychology refers to the intuitive understanding and reasoning about oneself and others, often involving beliefs, desires, and intentions.

Question 8

Sheira, a 2-year-old, is told a story about a girl named Brenda. Brenda is looking for her favorite doll.
Although Brenda thinks the doll is under the bed, it really is in the kitchen cabinet. When Sheira is asked where Brenda will look for her doll, Sheira will most probably predict that Brenda will look in which location?

Accepted Answer

At the age of 2, children typically do not yet have a fully developed theory of mind, which is the ability to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from their own. Therefore, Sheira is likely to predict that Brenda will look for the doll where it actually is, in the kitchen cabinet, rather than where Brenda believes it to be.

Question 9

Children who fail at false-belief problems do not understand:

Accepted Answer

Children who fail at false-belief problems typically do not understand that others can hold a belief that is different from reality, even when they themselves know the truth. This indicates a lack of understanding of others' perspectives and beliefs.

Question 10

Tina, a 3-year-old, is shown a Cheerios box and then shown that it contains marbles. If asked what her friend Mark will think on seeing the box for the first time, Tina will most probably say that Marc will think it contains:

Accepted Answer

At 3 years old, children typically do not yet understand that others can have different beliefs or knowledge than they do, so Tina will likely think Mark will also know the box contains marbles.

Question 11

Which of the following questions would a preschooler be LEAST likely to ask about a tractor trailer?

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers often anthropomorphize objects, but asking what trucks "like to eat" is less logical and more abstract compared to the other questions, which are more directly related to the function and characteristics of trucks.

Question 12

On false-belief problems, children who do not yet have a complete understanding of the relation between their own beliefs and others' beliefs:

Accepted Answer

Children who do not yet fully understand the concept of false beliefs often struggle to recognize that others can hold beliefs that are different from their own, especially when they themselves know the truth.

Question 13

Trevor, a 3-year-old who loves the color red, is told a story about a boy named Andy. In the story, Andy loves the color blue. When Trevor is asked which color crayon Andy is likely to choose when drawing a picture, Trevor will MOST likely predict that Andy will choose a crayon of which color?

Accepted Answer

Trevor is likely to predict that Andy will choose a blue crayon because he understands that people have different preferences and that Andy's favorite color is blue.

Question 14

The basic understanding of desires, beliefs, perceptions, and emotions is referred to as a theory of:

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states such as desires, beliefs, perceptions, and emotions to oneself and others, understanding that others have different mental states.

Question 15

Which of the following phrases is NOT a characteristic of naive psychological concepts?

Accepted Answer

Naive psychological concepts are not limited to understanding only the self; they also involve understanding others' mental states and behaviors.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about 1-year-olds' understanding of emotions is true?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that 1-year-olds can recognize and respond to emotional expressions, suggesting they have some understanding of emotions.

Question 17

By age 2, the connection between people's actions and______ is firmly established.

Accepted Answer

By age 2, children typically begin to understand that people's actions are often driven by their desires.

Question 18

Which of the following best characterizes the findings of cross-cultural research on children's understanding of false beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research has shown that the development of understanding false beliefs follows a similar pattern across different cultures, indicating a universal aspect of cognitive development.

Question 19

The parents of Elizabeth, a 2-year-old, are trying to teach her what hammers are. Which of the following actions would be MOST likely to help her learn this new category?

Accepted Answer

Demonstrating what hammers do would be most effective because it provides a concrete example of the tool's function, helping Elizabeth understand the category through action and context.

Question 20

________is NOT among the psychological concepts that emerge at the end of the first year and the beginning of the second.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________is NOT among the psychological concepts that...

Quiz 7: Conceptual Development